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183 protocols using dsc q20

1

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis

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Differential scanning calorimeter analyses were
conducted using a DSC Q20 (TA Instruments Inc., DSC Q20). The samples
were heated from 10 to 300 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min under
a nitrogen atmosphere. After an isothermal scan for 3 min, the temperature
decreased to −80 °C at the same cooling rate. In the last
stage, it was heated from −80 to 300 °C with a heating
rate of 10 °C/min.
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2

Measuring Honeybee Antifreeze Protein Activity

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Two samples of hemolymph collected from 50 Chinese honeybees before and after RNA interference and purification of the heterologous expression of AFPs were selected to measure TH activity (THA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was used as a control. THA was determined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC Q20) (DSC Q20, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). After sampling, the temperature of samples was lowered from room temperature to −30°C, and then warmed to 15°C. Subsequently, samples were continuously cooled to −30°C and then warmed to −1°C (holding temperature, Th), held at Th for 3 min, and lowered to −30°C again. The rate of temperature variation was 1°C/min. The Tf was the temperature at which samples crystallized after the holding temperature. The THA = ThTf. The total freezing temperature was the temperature at which the samples froze completely.
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3

Thermal Behavior of Sunflower Oil

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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves were obtained using TGA-Q50 (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Samples of sunflower oil (6.0 mg) were added into a platinum pan from 10 to 550°C at a heating rate of 2°C min−1 under inert nitrogen and synthetic air atmosphere gases at a flow rate of 60 ml min−1. In addition, DSC curves were conducted with DSC-Q20 equipment with RCS90 coupled with a cooling system (TA Instruments). The DSC curves were obtained in a calorimeter model DSC-Q20 coupled with an RCS90 refrigeration system (TA Instruments). Approximately 3.0 mg of sunflower oil was used for analysis using aluminum crucibles (Tzero standard) as support and reference, at a heating rate of 10°C min−1, heating cycle followed by cooling at temperatures between −80°C and 25°C, under an inert nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 60 ml min−1.
Curves were obtained from TGA/DTG and DSC data, which were generated by Universal Analyzes 2000 software version 3.7A (TA Instruments).
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4

Determining Antioxidant Efficiency in Polychloroprene

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The antioxidants/stabilizers consumption was analyzed through the determination of the oxidation induction time (OIT) measured with a Q20 DSC from TA Instruments (New Castle, DE, USA). Polychloroprene samples with a mass ranging between 7.0 and 8.0 mg were placed in aluminum standard pans (TA Instruments) without a lid. Reference consisted of an empty aluminum pan, also without a lid. After equilibrating the temperature at 50 °C and an isothermal of five minutes, the samples were heated to 180 °C at 10 °C/min under nitrogen flow at 50 mL/min. Temperature was then maintained at 180 °C for five minutes before substituting nitrogen for oxygen for 250 min. OIT corresponds to the intersection of the tangent of the baseline at the time of atmosphere change with the tangent at the beginning of the oxidation peak.
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5

Thermal and Crystalline Analysis of BA-TNF-α-siRNA-SLNs

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BA-TNF-α-siRNA-SLNs prepared with a BA to siRNA weight ratio of 0:1, 2:1, or 4:1 were dried using a Labconco FreeZone freeze dryer (Labconco, Kansas City, MO) without adding any cryoprotectant. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed on the nanoparticles and individual formulation components (i.e. lecithin, cholesterol, BA) using a Q20 DSC (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE). A heating rate of 10°C/min was used with a temperature range of 0°C–240°C. A sealed empty aluminum pan was used as a reference. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done using an R-Axis Spider with a Cu sealed tube source and a large, image plate detector (Rigaku, The Woodlands, TX). All XRD patterns were collected with a step size of 0.01 and 1 second/step over a 2θ range of 2 to 45.
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6

Thermal Analysis of Plastic Samples

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Differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC) was performed with a TA Instruments Q20 DSC (New Castle, DE).
Plastic samples were dehydrated in vacuum for 24 h prior to testing.
Upon loading and sealing into aluminum sample pans, 5 mg samples were
cooled to 0 °C, heated to 200 °C, and cooled back down to
0 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min. Three heat flow cycles were
conducted per sample run with nitrogen gas flowing through the testing
chamber at a rate of 50 mL/min.
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7

Thermal Characterization of Carbamazepine Polymorphs

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Conventional DSC and modulated DSC (mDSC) were performed to characterize form-III CBZ anhydrate, CBZ dihydrate, physical mixtures of drug and polymers, and extrudates. A TA Instruments Q20 DSC equipped with a RCS40 refrigerated cooling system (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was utilized to analyze all samples under a dry nitrogen purge (200 mL/min). An indium standard was used to the enthalpy and temperature calibration. Tzero® (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) pans were used for reference and samples. Five to six milligrams of samples were weighed accurately and crimped with a pinhole hermetic aluminum lid. Conventional DSC was conducted in triplicate, and samples were held at 20 °C for 5 min followed by a heating process of 10 °C/min up to 200 °C. mDSC was conducted in heat–cool–heat cycles on physical mixtures to determine the miscibility between form-III CBZ anhydrate and polymer matrices. mDSC was set to perform the first heating cycle of 10 °C/min up to 200 °C followed by a cooling step to 20 °C. The samples were then reheated at a rate of 3 °C/min with a temperature modulation of 1 °C every 60 s up to 200 °C.
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8

Thermal Analysis of Powder Formulations

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Thermal analysis of powders was performed using a Q20 DSC (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Approximately 6 mg of the SD formulations were loaded into a Tzero pan. For SFD formulations, approximately 3 mg of powder was loaded due to the lower density of the powder. The pans were press-sealed with a hermetic lid, and a hole was then pierced to enable evaporation of water. Pan temperature was first lowered to 10 °C per minute to −40 °C, then ramped from −40 to 200 °C using a modulated DSC cycle of ±0.5 °C every 40 s with a ramp rate of 2 °C per minute. A starting temperature of −40 °C was selected to enable accurate detection of any potentially low Tg values. Data was processed using TA Universal Analysis (TA Instruments).
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9

Thermal Analysis of Ubiquinol-Cyclodextrin Complex

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Accurately weighed amounts of ubiquinol, γ-CD, their physical mixture (ubiquinol:γ-CD molar ratio of 1:10), and the complex (ubiquinol:γ-CD molar ratio of 1:10) were loaded in crimped pans and DSC thermograms were obtained using a TA Instruments model Q20 DSC (New Castle, DE). A temperature ramp rate of 5° C/min, within a range of 0 to 75° C, was used.
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10

Polymer Molecular Weight Characterization

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Example 2

Polymer number-average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distributions or polydispersity indices (Ð=Mw/Mn) were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses carried out at 40° C. and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, with DMF as the eluent on a Waters University 1500 GPC instrument equipped with one PLgel 5 μm guard and three PLgel 5 μm mixed-C columns (Polymer Laboratories; linear range of MW=200-2,000,000). The instrument was calibrated with 10 PMMA standards, and chromatograms were processed with Waters Empower software (version 2002). Glass transition temperatures (Tg) and melting temperatures (Tm) of the polymers were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on a Q20 DSC, TA Instruments. Polymer samples were first heated to 200 at 10° C./min, equilibrated at this temperature for 3 min, then cooled to −50° C. at 10° C./min, held at this temperature for 3 min, and reheated to 250° C. at 10° C./min. All thermal data were obtained from the second scan. Tacticity of polymers was determined from the methine region of the homo-decoupled 1H NMR spectrum. Pm, the probability of forming a new isotactic dyad, was calculated utilizing methods established in the literature (Kasperczyk, Macromolecules 1995, 28, 3937-3939; Coudane et al., J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 1997, 35, 1651-1658).

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