Zetasizer ultra

Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical

Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany, United States, China

The Zetasizer Ultra is a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument used for the measurement of particle size, zeta potential, and molecular weight. It provides accurate and reliable data on the size and charge of particles and molecules in suspension or solution.

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Lab products found in correlation

180 protocols using zetasizer ultra

Characterization of SPION Nanoparticles

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The initial dispersion was characterized regarding the SPION hydrodynamic size and their surface charge, using photon correlation spectroscopy (Zetasizer Ultra, Malvern Panalytical Ltd.; Worcestershire, UK) and laser Doppler electrophoresis (Zetasizer Ultra, Malvern Panalytical Ltd.; Worcestershire, UK), respectively. Before the measurements, the initial SPION dispersion was diluted with purified water to the final SPION concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, as recommended by the producer of Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical Ltd.), and measured in triplicate. The results are expressed as average hydrodynamic size and average zeta potential, with corresponding standard deviations.
The size, morphology, and internal structure of the SPIONs were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Jem 2100; Jeol, Akishima, Japan). A drop of the initial SPION dispersion was placed on a carbon-coated copper TEM grid and air-dried at room temperature. TEM imaging was performed using an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The mean SPION size was determined by measuring the diameter of at least one hundred randomly selected SPIONs on several representative TEM images, using ImageJ 1.53e software (National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA).

Dragar Č., Rekar Ž., Potrč T., Nemec S., Kralj S, & Kocbek P. (2023). Influence of Polymer Concentration on Drying of SPION Dispersions by Electrospinning. Pharmaceutics, 15(6), 1619.

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Nanoparticle Characterization and pH-Dependent Zeta Potential

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Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical, UK) was utilized to explore particle size (hydrodynamic diameter), PDI and particle charge of the nanoparticles. Distilled water was used to adjust specific concentration of nano-formulation. The analysis was carried out in triplicate; average was determined and described with standard deviation (SD).
To study the charge reversal characteristics of nanoparticles, phosphate buffer saline (PBS, 0.1 M) with pH 4.0, 6.4 and 7.4 were formulated. The nanoparticles were dispersed in 10 mL of buffer at each pH described above separately. The nanoparticles dispersions were then dialyzed using buffer of similar pH at 37 °C for 6 h. Then, the dispersions from each dialyzing bag were poured out and their zeta potential were quantified by means of Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Panalytical, UK). Each sample was analysed thrice, and average value was reported.

Sarwar S., Bashir S., Asim M.H., Ikram F., Ahmed A., Omema U., Asif A., Chaudhry A.A., Hu Y, & Ustundag C.B. (2022). In-depth drug delivery to tumoral soft tissues via pH responsive hydrogel. RSC Advances, 12(48), 31402-31411.

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Characterizing Vesicle Structures via Dynamic Light Scattering

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Hydrodynamic diameters and polydispersity indices of vesicular structures formed were approximated using DLS (Malvern Zetasizer Ultra). Samples were diluted to 10:1 in deionized water before analysis. Malvern software-generated correlograms and laser auto-attenuation values were used to judge the reliability of the Gaussian plots obtained. Samples were run in triplicate to account for any measurement variations. Multi-angle dynamic light scattering (Malvern Zetasizer Ultra) was occasionally used to estimate the particle concentration (in particles per millilitre) of the vesicle suspensions. A background scattering count of 80 kcaps was used for the experiment detailed in Supplementary Fig. 9.

Pilkington C.P., Gispert I., Chui S.Y., Seddon J.M, & Elani Y. (2024). Engineering a nanoscale liposome-in-liposome for in situ biochemical synthesis and multi-stage release. Nature chemistry.

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Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles

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The Zinc oxide nanoparticles were acquired from the Joint Research Centre (JCR) nanomaterials repository (JRCNM62101a).
STEM Microscopy: ZnO particles were visualized employing a Magellan 400L XHR STEM operating at 20 kV in transmission mode STEM. Sample preparation involved drop-casting 10 μL of the sample onto a thin carbon-coated 200-mesh copper grid (Ted Pella, Inc., Redding, CA, USA), followed by air drying. STEM images of the as-received particles were utilized for size distribution measurements via Image J software (V1.54f).
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Zeta Potential: The size of NPs (nm) was determined using a Malvern Zetasizer Ultra instrument with a light source wavelength of 532 nm and a fixed scattering angle of 173°. Zeta Potential (mV) and conductivity (mS/cm) were measured using a Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, London, UK). For analyses, 1 mL of the NPs solution (diluted 1:10 in Milli Q H₂O) was placed in a cell, and measurements were carried out in a 1 cm optical path cell with precise temperature control (25 °C). The software was configured with parameters for refractive index, adsorption coefficient, and solvent viscosity at 25 °C. Each reported value represents the average of at least three independent measurements, all employing the Smoluchowski model [44 (link),45 (link)].

Vasconez Martinez M.G., Reihs E.I., Stuetz H.M., Hafner A., Brandauer K., Selinger F., Schuller P., Bastus N., Puntes V., Frank J., Tomischko W., Frauenlob M., Ertl P., Resch C., Bauer G., Povoden G, & Rothbauer M. (2024). Using Rapid Prototyping to Develop a Cell-Based Platform with Electrical Impedance Sensor Membranes for In Vitro RPMI2650 Nasal Nanotoxicology Monitoring. Biosensors, 14(2), 107.

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Physicochemical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles

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AgNP concentration in the resulting solutions was determined by evaporation on a watch glass [18 ] at 100 °C using a a Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Great Britain, Malvern, UK). Briefly, the AgNP suspensions were placed on the watch glass and covered with filter paper to prevent contamination, and then dried. To maximize drying speed, the watch glass was placed in a thermostat, ensuring good air circulation for 24 h. The AgNPs’ dry powder weight was determined.
Size distribution by volume, zeta potential distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), and cumulative particle concentration were determined using a Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK).
X-ray spectra of AgNPs were obtained with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, EDX 800 HS series (Shimadzu, Japan).
The resulting concentrate of the nanoparticle solution was filtered through Vivaspin 6 membrane filters 1000 kDa, with pore sizes of 0.2 μm (Sartorius, Germany) and PES membrane material.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a JEM-2010 instrument (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).
Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy analysis was performed on the AgNP samples dispersed in water using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Unico 2802s, Unico Sys, Franksville, WI, USA).

Korolev D., Shumilo M., Shulmeyster G., Krutikov A., Golovkin A., Mishanin A., Gorshkov A., Spiridonova A., Domorad A., Krasichkov A, & Galagudza M. (2021). Hemolytic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Human Albumin- and Polysorbate-80-Coated Silver Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11(6), 1484.

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Protein and Nanoparticle Characterization

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The protein concentrations were determined using Pierce^TM BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Absorbance readings at 562 nm were determined with a Hidex Sense Microplate Reader (Hidex, Turku, Finland). The hydrodynamic diameters and particle concentrations were determined via dynamic light scattering using the Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK). The zeta potentials were also determined with the Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK).

Chng W.H., Muthuramalingam R.P., Lou C.K., New S., Neupane Y.R., Lee C.K., Altay Benetti A., Huang C., Thoniyot P., Toh W.S., Wang J.W, & Pastorin G. (2023). Extracellular Vesicles and Their Mimetics: A Comparative Study of Their Pharmacological Activities and Immunogenicity Profiles. Pharmaceutics, 15(4), 1290.

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Extracellular Vesicle Zeta Potential Characterization

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The EV ζ potential was analyzed with a ZetaSizer Ultra particle analyser (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at 25°C. EV were isolated with the methods described above and resuspended in PBS. The EV were diluted 10x in filtered H₂O to a final 10% PBS concentration. The βlox5 ζ potential was measured by fixing the cells in 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min, then washed in ultrapure H₂O and resuspended 1 mL of ultrapure H₂O. The hydrodynamic ζ average diameter was calculated by the light scattering method, and the ζ potential was determined by applying the Smoluchowski approximation. The electrostatic charge on the surfaces of the EV and βlox5 was characterized as the ζ potential.

da Silva D.R., Gonzalez C.F, & Lorca G. (2023). Internalization of extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 elicit an RNA sensory response in human pancreatic cell lines. Journal of Extracellular Biology, 2(7), e101.

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Starch and Nanoparticle Size and Charge Analysis

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Starch size distribution analysis was performed using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Shimadzu, SALD-201V, Kyoto, Japan) and the software Sald Wing, version 1.0 (Sald Wing, Kyoto, Japan). Starch samples were diluted approximately 1000-fold in absolute ethanol. The average size of the particles was expressed by the average diameter (Equation (1)) and calculated from the size distribution curve of the equipment software itself [19 ].

D_{[4, 3]} = \frac{\sum n_{i} d_{i}^{4}}{\sum n_{i} d_{i}^{3}}

The average particle size and size distribution of SNP (pH ~7.0) were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy (Malvern, ZetaSizer Ultra, Cambridge, UK), at 25 °C. The samples were diluted in deionized water at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) to avoid the phenomenon of multiple scattering of light. Data analyses were performed using software included with the system and are presented as the mean ± standard deviation [20 (link)].
The zeta potential of the samples (starches and SNP) (pH ~6.0–7.0) was determined using Zetaplus equipment (Malvern, Zeta Size Ultra, Cambridge, UK) at 25 °C. Samples were diluted in deionized water at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) [20 (link)]. Data analyses were performed using software included with the system, and the data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.

Ramos G.V., Rabelo M.E., de Pinho S.C., Valencia G.A., Sobral P.J, & Moraes I.C. (2024). Dual Modification of Cassava Starch Using Physical Treatments for Production of Pickering Stabilizers. Foods, 13(2), 327.

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Particle Characterization Protocols

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The obtained particles were characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and PDI. For this purpose, a Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) was employed. Briefly, determinations were carried out on particles dispersed in Milli-Q water using a homogenizer (Ultra-turrax T18 basic, IKA, Staufen, Germany) for 1 min. Measurements were made in triplicate for each sample.

Siles-Sánchez M.D., García-Ponsoda P., Fernandez-Jalao I., Jaime L, & Santoyo S. (2024). Development of Pectin Particles as a Colon-Targeted Marjoram Phenolic Compound Delivery System. Foods, 13(2), 188.

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Nanoparticle Characterization Techniques

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Dynamic light
scattering (DLS) measurements were recorded using a Zetasizer Ultra
(Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Worcestershire, UK), fitted with a 10 mW
632.8 nm helium-neon laser, using noninvasive backscatter with a scattering
angle of 173° and the temperature at 25 °C. The particle
sizes reported in Table 1 were the average of three measurements. Representative DLS size
plots are shown in Figures S1 and S2. Powder
X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements were carried out with a Rigaku
Miniflex 600 X-ray diffractor with Cu Kα radiation (40 kV, 15
mA). Crystalline phases were identified by comparison with the ICDD
Crystallographic Database. BNPs were identified as barite (β-BaSO₄), ICDD # 01-076-0214 (FoM 0.939), and CNPs were identified
as calcite (CaCO₃), ICDD # 01-083-4602 (FoM 0.410). The
Scherrer equation, D = Kλ/βcosθ,
was used to calculate the crystallite size of nanoparticles with a
size distribution, where D is the particle diameter,
λ is the wavelength of the X-rays, θ is the diffraction
angle, β is the full-width-at-half-maximum, and K is a constant.^{23 (link)} The transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) samples were prepared by suspending the dried nanoparticles
in distilled water and then casting on Formvar TEM grids (Ted Pella).
Electron microscopy images were obtained with a JOEL 1200EX TEM instrument
operated at 60 kV and a JOEL 1400 Plus (XR 80 Camera) TEM operated
at HV = 120 kV.

Kader M.S., Weyer C., Avila A., Stealey S., Sell S., Zustiak S.P., Buckner S., McBride-Gagyi S, & Jelliss P.A. (2022). Synthesis and Characterization of BaSO4–CaCO3–Alginate Nanocomposite Materials as Contrast Agents for Fine Vascular Imaging. ACS Materials Au, 2(3), 260-268.

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