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12 protocols using sc 393232

1

Hippocampal BDNF, GR, and Actin Analysis

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Hippocampal brain tissues were homogenized in RIPA buffer containing a protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail. The quantified proteins (20 μg) were separated by 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with 4% skim milk in Tris-buffered saline with 1% Tween-20 for 40 min, and subsequently probed with the following primary antibodies: BDNF mouse monoclonal antibody (1:1000 dilution, sc-65514, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), glucocorticoid receptor (1:1000 dilution, sc-393232, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; GR phosphorylation at serine 211 (Ser211, 1:1000 dilution, #4161, Cell Signaling, MA, USA), and anti-β-actin rabbit polyclonal antibody (1:1000 dilution, #4967, Cell Signaling, MA, USA) overnight at 4 °C in 3% skim milk in TBST. After incubation with the horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibody for 2 h, immunoreactive proteins were detected using a chemiluminescence detection system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA) and then analyzed using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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2

Immunoblotting of Glucocorticoid Receptor

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Twenty-four hours after transfection with the corresponding plasmids, HEK293T cells were lysed and 20 µg of the protein extracts were submitted to electrophoresis. After electroblotting onto C nitrocellulose membranes and incubation with blocking solution [5% fat-free dry milk in Tris-buffered saline containing 1% Tween 20], immunoblotting was performed overnight at 4°C using a mouse monoclonal anti-hGRα antibody directed against the NTD of the protein (SC393232, Santa Cruz Biotechnology ®) [29 ] at a final concentration of 1 μg/mL and with the anti‒β-actin antibody (Sigma, St Quentin-Falavier, France) [30 ] used as a loading control. Membranes were incubated with secondary fluorescent antibodies (Pierce; Dyelight 680 or 800) [31 , 32 ]. Bands were visualized and quantified using Odyssey® Fc, Dual-Mode Western Imaging (Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE) [27 (link)].
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3

Glucocorticoid Receptor Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

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About 20 million cells were treated with EtOH or dexamethasone (100 nM) and fixed for 12 min with 1% paraformaldehyde. After three washes with PBS, cells were harvested and incubated with the lysis buffer (see ChIP-SICAP procedure) on ice for an hour. After sonication, to obtain an average DNA length of 500 bp, the lysate was diluted and incubated overnight at 4°C with GR antibody preincubated beads (sc-393232, Santa Cruz Biotechnology; MA1-510, Thermo Fisher Scientific). The next day, the beads were washed successively with low-salt, high-salt, LiCl, and lastly TE buffer. Then, the beads were incubated in 1× Laemmli buffer for 10 min at 95°C for elution/denaturation and loaded on a precast 3 to 8% tris-acetate gel (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proteins were next transferred on a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane for Western blotting.
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4

Investigating PRMT5, HP1γ, and GR Interactions

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Cos-7 cells were seeded onto 10-cm2 dishes the day before transfection. The following plasmids psg5-V5-PRMT5, pcdna3.1-HA-HP1γ, and pcdna3.1-GR were transfected into Cos-7 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. 48 h after transfection, cells were treated (or not) with Dex for 24 h, and cell extracts were prepared in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% NP-40, and 0.25% deoxycholate) supplemented with protease inhibitor tablets and phosphatase inhibitors (1 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3VO4, and 1 mM β-glycerophosphate). Protein extracts were incubated with HP1γ primary antibody (ab10480; Abcam), PRMT5 (ab109451; Abcam) or GR/DGH2L (#12041; Cell signaling) over night at 4°C under agitation. Protein A Agarose (Millipore) beads were then added, and the mixture was incubated 2 h at 4°C. The immunoprecipitates were separated on SDS–PAGE. Immunoblotting was conducted with primary antibodies against GR G-5 (sc-393232; Santa Cruz), GR/D6H2L (#12041; Cell signaling), HP1γ (ab10480; Abcam), and PRMT5 (07-405; Millipore). Secondary antibodies were used for chemiluminescence detection using the ECL detection reagent (Roche Molecular Biochemicals) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For immunoprecipitation experiments, 3% of the input of each sample was analyzed by immunoblot.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of GRα

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Total protein extracts with RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime Biotechnology, Jiangsu, China) and protein quantities were measured by the BCA Protein Assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Jiangsu, China). Antibodies against GRα (sc-393232, Santa Cruz, USA) and tubulin (sc-5274, Santa Cruz, USA) was used in Western blot analysis. Images were captured with VersaDoc 4000MP system (Bio-Rad).
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6

Antibodies and Reagents for Hap1 Studies

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Guinea pig antibody to Hap1 (EM77) has been described previously (Li et al., 1996 (link), 2000 (link)). We also used the following antibodies: mouse monoclonal antibodies to GR [sc-393232; Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA)] and vinculin [MAB3574; MED millipore (Billerica, MA, USA)]. Secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled donkey anti-mouse, donkey anti-guinea pig, donkey anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 or 594, and donkey anti-guinea pig Alexa Fluor488 or 594 from Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, USA). Tamoxifen (TM), Dex, and cycloheximide (CHX) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Guide RNA (gRNA) backbone vector and Cas9 plasmid were purchased from Addgene (Cambridge, MA, USA).
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7

Antibody Validation for Cell Biology

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Details of the specific antibodies that were used in the study are as follows: anti-CEP128 (HPA001116, Sigma-Aldrich, WB: 1:1000, IF: 1:200); anti-Ac-Tubulin (ab24610, abcam, IF: 1:1000); anti-NIN (A8215, ABclonal, WB: 1:1000); anti-CEP170 (27325-1-AP, Proteintch, WB: 1:500); anti-YY1 (sc-7341, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, WB: 1:500); anti-GR-β (sc-393232, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, WB: 1:500); anti-SEPT4 (Septin 4) (A10238, ABclonal, IF: 1:100); anti-RCBTB2 (13225-1-AP, Proteintech, WB: 1:1000, IF: 1:50); anti-WBP2NL (22587-1-AP, Proteintech, WB: 1:500, IF: 1:50); anti-CRISP1(MAB4675, R&D Systems, WB: 1:500, IF: 1:50); anti-PRSS55 (bs-19443R, Bioss, WB: 1:1000, IF: 1:50); anti-ubiquitin (ab7780, Abcam, WB: 1:500), anti-GAPDH (ab8245, Abcam, WB: 1:1000); anti-CEBPβ (sc-7962, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, WB: 1:500); anti-Centriolin (sc-365521, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, WB: 1:500).
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8

Glucocorticoid Receptor Interactome in LPS-Induced Macrophages

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MEFs were treated with 1 μM Dex overnight and 100 ng/μl LPS for 3 h. Nuclear protein extracts were pre-cleared using α-rabbit Dynabeads (Invitrogen) for 1 h in IP buffer (20 mM Tris pH 8, 100 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM EDTA, 20% glycerol and protease inhibitors). Protein lysates were pre-cleared for 1 h with Dynabeads. IPs were incubated with rabbit α-GR antibody (24050-1-AP, Proteintech) or rabbit IgG (2729, Cell Signaling) for 2 h and BSA-blocked rabbit Dynabeads were added for overnight immunoprecipitation at 4°C. Beads were washed 3× with IP buffer and eluted in Laemmli buffer with DTT at 37°C. Western blotting was performed according to standard protocols using mouse α-GR (sc-393232, Santa Cruz) and rabbit α-p65 (6956, Cell Signaling) antibodies.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Glucocorticoid Receptor

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Cells were lysed in E1A buffer (50 mM HEPES pH7.6, 250 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, and 0.5% NP-40) by incubating for 10 min on ice. After centrifuging, the supernatant was collected in new Eppendorf tubes, and protein concentrations were measured using Bradford. Protein samples containing 50 μg protein were separated by electrophoresis in a 10% gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (pore size 0.45 μm). After blocking the membranes with 1:2 dilution of Starting Block/PBT (Thermo Fisher Scientific), membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibody to detect GR (G-5) (sc-393232, Santa-Cruz, Bio-connect) or β-actin (MA5-15739, Pierce). Blots were washed with PBT and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with secondary antibody, anti-mouse antibody (926–32,220; Li-Cor), and immunoreactive bands were detected using ECL (Amersham).
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10

Immunofluorescence analysis of 5-HT and GR

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Immunofluorescence analyses were performed using a modified method described by the previous studies (Zhang et al., 2016 (link); Zhao et al., 2017 (link)) to observe the 5-HT and GR relative intensity in dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) and the hippocampal CA1 area, respectively. Brain tissues were cryoprotected in 30% sucrose, embedded in tissue-freezing medium with liquid nitrogen, and cut into frozen coronal sections (35 μm) using a Leica CM3050 cryostat. Sections were stored under anti-freeze buffer. Parallel free-floating sections were treated with blocking buffer (5% normal chicken serum in PBS and 0.3% Triton X-100 for 1 h at 4°C) and incubated with primary antibodies against 5-HT (1:400, ab66047, Abcam) or GR (1:200, sc-393232, Santa Cruz) overnight at 4°C. After washing with ice-cold PBS, sections were incubated with donkey anti-goat IgG H&L (1:400, Alexa Fluor® 488, ab150129, Abcam) or goat anti-mouse IgG H&L (1:400, Alexa Fluor® 594, ab150116, Abcam) secondary antibodies for 2 h at 4°C. The sections were subsequently exposed to DAPI (1:1,000, D9542, Sigma) to stain cell nuclei. All immunoreactions were observed under an Axiophot microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Total signal intensity was quantified using the ImageJ 1.46 version (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) and compared relatively with the control group.
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