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34 protocols using extended brilliance workspace

1

Quantifying Splenic and Bone Marrow 18F-FDG Uptake

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Splenic and BM 18F-FDG uptake was quantified using
previously published methods with a dedicated PET/CT image analysis program
(Extended Brilliance Workspace (Philips Electronics, Andover,
Massachusetts). [20 (link)] Splenic
18F-FDG uptake [6 (link),
21 (link)] was measured by placing a
single ROI with a volume of 8.0 cm3 within the homogenous-splenic
margin and a single maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax)
was taken. Bone marrow 18F-FDG uptake was measured by placing ROI
over axial sections within individual vertebrae (T1 to L5) (Figure 2). The average SUVmax of the
individual vertebrae was taken. For analysis and results, splenic and BM
18F-FDG uptake was then corrected for mean venous background
by dividing the spleen and BM tissue SUVmax by the average
supervisor vena cava SUVmean and reported as the
target-to-background ratio. Mean and maximum SUVs were generated using a
dedicated PET/CT image analysis program (Extended Brilliance Workspace
(Philips Electronics, Andover, Massachusetts).
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2

Cerebral SPECT Imaging Protocol

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All patients underwent cerebral SPECT scans, and the tracer [99mTc]Tc-ECD (ethyl cysteinate dimer) was injected at a maximum dose of 1,295 MBq (35 mCi). SPECT was performed during resting state, with eyes open, in a quiet and darkroom, refrained from talking and listening.
SPECT scans were acquired in a double-headed rotating gamma camera (SPECT/CT BrightView XCT, Philips Medical Systems Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA), equipped with a low-energy high-resolution collimator (LEHR), symmetrical acceptance energy window of 20%, and photopeak centered on 140 keV, using a 128 × 128 matrix, zoom factor of 1.0, and pixel size 2.13 mm. Data were collected in step-and-shoot mode over 360 degrees, in 128 projections (64 per head), with a total acquisition time of 30 min and about 100,000 counts/projection/head.
Tomographic images were processed in the workstation EBW (Extended Brilliance TM Workspace, Philips Medical Systems Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA), reconstructed in transaxial slices parallel to the orbitomeatal line, using Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithm and a Butterworth filter order two and cut-off frequency 0.3. Chang’s method was applied over transaxial slices for the attenuation correction of photon effects (µ = 0.12 cm−1).
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3

Retrospective ECG-Gated MSCTA Imaging

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All patients had the MSCTA in a 256-slice CT scanner (Brilliance iCT, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH) in the period of a breath hold of 4 to 7 seconds. The MSCTA was performed in retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated helical examinations with intravenously injected contrast medium of iohexol (1.0 mL /kg or 350 mg/ mL) at a flow rate of 4 to 5 mL/s into the antecubital vein through a single-tube high pressure syringe. The following scan parameters were used: tube voltage 100 to 120 kV, tube current 600 to 800 mAs/r, detector collimation 128 × 0.625 mm, pitch 0.16 to 0.2, gantry rotation time 270 to 330 ms, matrix 512 × 512, and field of view 180 to 250 mm. The MSCTA scanning was started from 0.5 cm below the tracheal bifurcation to the superior border of the liver and was ECG-trigged when the CT value reached 110 HU at the interest area. The raw data were reconstructed into 10 phases (5%–95% with an interval of 10%) with the slice thickness of 0.9 mm and an interval of 0.45mm and were then transferred to the Philips EBW 4.5 workstation (Extended BrillianceTM Workspace, V4.5.2.4031, Philips Healthcare Nederland B.V., The Netherlands) for further analysis with specialized software (Vitrea 2; Vital Images, Inc., Minneapolis, MN).
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4

Radiographic Assessment of Limb Rotation

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Demographic information was collected for all participants, including age, sex, weight, and height. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m 2 ). Full-length standing hip-to-ankle anteroposterior radiographs were obtained from all participants using a standardized radiographic technique as previously described. 16, 17 All radiographs were reviewed by the sophisticated joint surgeon with the strongest criteria for adequacy, and the fibular head and lesser trochanter were used as landmarks to determine excessive rotation of the limbs. All radiographic measurements were performed on anteroposterior radiographs using the onscreen cursor (Philips Extended Brilliance TM Workspace), with an accurate measurement within 0.1°. 16
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5

Coronary Artery Calcium Progression Quantification

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Our interesting outcome variable was coronary artery calcium score progression (dichotomous variable: 0 = no progression, 1 = progression). Because there is no mutual definition for CACS progression in the literature, we used the transformed square root method of Hokanson to quantify the CACS progression recommended by John W et al. [21 (link)]. CACS progression was defined as the difference between the square root of the follow-up and baseline CAC scores ≥ 2.5. Brilliance 40 (Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio), VCT Light Speed 64 (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin), or Discovery 750HD (GE Healthcare) multidetector CT scanners were used to acquire images of CAC. The scans were analyzed using Extended Brilliance Workspace (Philips Medical Systems) or Advantage (GE Healthcare) workstations, while the CAC scores were calculated as described by Agatston et al. [22 (link)].
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6

Liver Volume Estimation with 3D Reconstruction

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Statistical analyses were done with SPSS for Windows Version 15.0 and performed in cooperation with the local Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology. Descriptive statistics including mean value, standard deviation and range were performed for measured times and volumes, in each case separately for resected and total liver. The results of measured volumes were visualized with Bland-Altmann plots [12] . For correlations the spearman correlation coefficient (-1 ≤ρ≤ 1) was used. Statistical tests to compare measured volumes were the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. For the analysis of the experience level, the use of Cohen's Kappa was not recommended by our institute for statistics. Instead visualization with Bland-Altman plot was recommended. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Abb. 1 Die manuelle Software (Extended Brilliance Workspace, Philips Healthcare, Best, NL). Die vorher volumetrierte Gesamtleber wurde hier bereits in das zukünftige Resektat und den verbleibenden Leberteil untergliedert. Das obere rechte Bild zeigt die 3D-Rekonstruktion.
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7

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring

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Imaging data for CAC scoring was acquired using Brilliance 40 (Philips Medical Systems), VCT LightSpeed 64 (GE Healthcare) or Discovery 750HD (GE Healthcare) multidetector CT scanners. The analysis of the scans was performed on Extended Brilliance Workspace (Philips Medical Systems) or Advantage (GE Healthcare) workstations. CAC scores were calculated as described by Agatston et al.29 (link).
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8

Trunk Body Composition Analysis by CT Scan

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To analyze trunk body composition, the participants underwent CT scans at the mid-L4 vertebral level using a Philips MX 8000 IDT CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems), with a tube voltage of 120 kV, exposure of 200 mAs, and slice thickness of 1 mm. Images were taken from ten consecutive 1-mm-thick slices (total thickness: 10 mm). Participants maintained their hips in a neutral position during the scan to prevent any effects of hip flexion on the measurement of the cross-sectional area of the muscle. Total muscle mass (TMM, cm3) and total fat mass (TFM, cm3) were automatically derived from predefined radiation attenuation ranges using image processing software (Extended Brilliance Workspace version 4.5.3, Philips Healthcare Nederland B.V.). Manual outlining was used to subdivide the TMM into psoas muscle mass (PMM, cm3) and back muscle mass (BMM, cm3), and abdominal muscle mass (AMM, cm3) was calculated by subtracting the PMM and BMM from the TMM. The BMM included the multifidus, iliocostalis lumborum, longissimus, and quadratus lumborum. Visceral fat mass (VFM, cm3) was determined by manually tracing the inner abdominal wall using TFM. Subcutaneous fat mass (cm3) was calculated by subtracting the VFM from the TFM. The trunk fat/muscle ratio was calculated by dividing the TFM by the TMM. The scans and image processing were performed by one technician [26 (link)].
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9

CT Imaging of Skull Base Anatomy

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We searched the database of the department of radiology of a hospital institution from January 2010 to April 2013 for patients who underwent CT scans of the skull base. Individuals with a previous history of paranasal sinus disease or endonasal surgery were excluded. A total of 421 patients were selected. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
All patients underwent a CT scan with skull base sections using the Brilliance CT 64 system (Philips, 2004). The scan was performed with 20 × 0.625 collimation, a pitch of 0.348, a matrix of 512; 200 mm of field of view. Section thickness ranged from 0.6 to 1 mm. The obtained data were transferred to the Extended Brilliance Workspace (Philips Medical System), where the images were reconstructed in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.
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10

Cochlear Implant Surgical Imaging Protocol

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Determination of the insertion depth angle and cochlear size was performed using an Allura Xper FD20 system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, Netherlands) with a flat panel detector. The parameters of the system were as follows: entrance field of 22 cm, 274 mAs, 95 kV, 180° rotation, 241 projections, filter 0.90 mm Cu + 1.00 mm Al, and posteroanterior (PA). The focus panel distance was determined and constant over the entire rotation at a frequency of 30 pic/s. The 3D tomography was performed in the unsubtracted mode. From this volume data set, the temporal bones were secondarily enlarged (FoV of 100 mm), digitally stored and sent for 2D- and 3D-reconstruction to an external workstation (Extended Brilliance Workspace, Philips, Cleveland, USA). Two experienced surgeons and a neuroradiologist certified all radiological images postoperatively. For the scalar position of the electrode array, image acquisition and reconstruction were performed as described by Aschendorff et al. in 2007 [8 (link)].
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