Pentylenetetrazole, isoniazid, gamma aminobutyric acid, glutamate, diazepam (D-907), phenytoin (PHR1139), and vigabatrin were purchased from Sigma Ltd., USA. ELISA kit (MBS939900; MyBioSource, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was used for the estimation of GABA-T activity.
Gamma aminobutyric acid
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a chemical compound that serves as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is a key component in various laboratory equipment and assays used for scientific research and analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glutamate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glycine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glutamic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ammonium formate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Alanine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenylalanine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Threonine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Proline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Valine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Leucine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Serine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isoleucine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Aspartic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tyrosine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isoniazid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Elisa kit mbs939900, by MyBioSource (1 mentions)
Pentylenetetrazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Vigabatrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Strychnine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
13 protocols using gamma aminobutyric acid
1
Investigating GABA-T Activity Modulation
2
Neuroactive Compound Preparation Protocol
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Recombinant-murine interferon gamma (RnD Systems), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Prospec), and interleukin 1 beta (Prospec) were aliquoted at 1000x stocks and stored at −20C. All neuroactive compounds including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-nitro-2,3-dioxo-benzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX), 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), glutamate, glycine, strychnine, picrotoxin, and D(−)−2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5) were purchased from Sigma. All factors were diluted to 5x working solutions in pre-warmed neuron feed media and further diluted 5 fold upon addition to neuronal cultures.
3
Glucuronide Compound Analysis Protocol
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Acetonitrile and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Sodium valproate (VPA, 300 mg/3 mL ampoules) was provided by Chonbuk National Hospital. Valproic acid β-D glucuronide (VPAG) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Chenodeoxycholic acid 24-acyl β-D-glucuronide, 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine β-D-glucuronide and bisophenol A β-D-glucuronide was purchased from Toronto research chemical (Ontario, Canada). Nonanoic acid, gamma aminobutyric acid, ammonium formate, Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt (UDPGA), MgCl2, Saccharic acid 1,4 lactone, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), Azidothymidine (AZT), Bisophenol A (BPA), 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MUB) and 4-methylumbelliferyl- β -D- glucuronide hydrate were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water was purified using a Milli-Q system from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA).
4
Longan Drying and Amino Acid Analysis
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The major material utilized in this study was dried whole longan, purchased from a local market at Lamphun, Thailand, which was dried by a hot air dryer at 80°C for 17 hr, then at 75°C for 20 hr, then at 65°C for 10 hr, and finally stored at 4°C until analysis.
Potato dextrose agar and bacteriological peptone were purchased from Oxoid.dl ‐Malic acid was purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, gamma‐aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylAlanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine were supplied by Sigma Chemicals. AccQ‐Fluor reagent kits containing borate buffer, reagent powder, and acetonitrile were supplied by Waters Co. Ltd.
Potato dextrose agar and bacteriological peptone were purchased from Oxoid.
5
Engineered Bacterial Sensor Circuits
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E. coli Nissle 1917 was used for experimentally assaying sensors, genetic
gates, and circuits. E. coli NEB
5-alpha (New England Biolabs) was used for cloning. E. coli NEB 10-beta (New England Biolabs) was
used to compare sensor and NOT gate response functions to EcN. Genetic
circuits and sensors were assayed in M9 minimal media (Sigma-Aldrich;
6.78 g/L Na2HPO4, 3 g/L KH2PO4, 1 g/L NH4Cl, 0.5 g/L NaCl final concentration)
with 0.34 g/L thiamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.2% Casamino
acids (Acros), 2 mM MgSO4 (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 mM CaCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.4%d -glucose (Sigma-Aldrich).
Antibiotics used to select for circuit plasmids were 50 μg/mL
kanamycin (GoldBio), and 100 μg/mL spectinomycin (GoldBio).
The inputs used for the sensor promoters were isopropyl β-d -1-thiogalactopyranoside (GoldBio), anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride
(Sigma-Aldrich),l -arabinose (Sigma-Aldrich), choline chloride
(Sigma-Aldrich), gamma-aminobutyric acid (Sigma-Aldrich), N-butyryl-dl -homoserine lactone (Sigma-Aldrich),
3-oxohexanoyl-l -homoserine lactone (Sigma-Aldrich), N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l -homoserine lactone (Sigma-Aldrich),
and N-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-dl -homoserine
lactone (Sigma-Aldrich). The stock solutions were aqueous solutions,
except those used for HSLs and aTc. The stock solutions for HSLs were
dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide, and aTc was dissolved in 100%
ethanol.
gates, and circuits. E. coli NEB
5-alpha (New England Biolabs) was used for cloning. E. coli NEB 10-beta (New England Biolabs) was
used to compare sensor and NOT gate response functions to EcN. Genetic
circuits and sensors were assayed in M9 minimal media (Sigma-Aldrich;
6.78 g/L Na2HPO4, 3 g/L KH2PO4, 1 g/L NH4Cl, 0.5 g/L NaCl final concentration)
with 0.34 g/L thiamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.2% Casamino
acids (Acros), 2 mM MgSO4 (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 mM CaCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.4%
Antibiotics used to select for circuit plasmids were 50 μg/mL
kanamycin (GoldBio), and 100 μg/mL spectinomycin (GoldBio).
The inputs used for the sensor promoters were isopropyl β-
(Sigma-Aldrich),
(Sigma-Aldrich), gamma-aminobutyric acid (Sigma-Aldrich), N-butyryl-
3-oxohexanoyl-
and N-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-
lactone (Sigma-Aldrich). The stock solutions were aqueous solutions,
except those used for HSLs and aTc. The stock solutions for HSLs were
dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide, and aTc was dissolved in 100%
ethanol.
6
Identification and Quantification of Organic Compounds
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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Amino acid standard AAS18 (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) was used for the identification of amino acids. Lactic acid, benzoic acid, succinic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3- phenylpropionic acid, malic Acid, 4-methoxyphenylacetic acid, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid, trans-Cinnamic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, adonitol, hydrocinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, citric acid, D-Fructose, d-Galactose, d-Glucose, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, 1H-indole-3-acetic Acid, D-mannitol, dextrose, sucrose, indole, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used for identification purposes. Stock solutions of all the analytical standards were prepared by dissolving the compounds in MilliQ water.
7
Evaluation of GABA and Dextromethorphan in Treating Neurological Conditions
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The drug and reagents used in this study were described below;
Dextromethorphan (DXM); Dextromethorphan hydrobromide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® Lot#090M1298V.
Diazepam was obtained from Naresuan University Hospital.
Gamma aminobutyric acid; GABA was purchased from Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, USA. Amount of synthetic GABA was equaled with the GABA found in PGBR. GABA was dissolved in distilled water before used.
Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) was supplied by the Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University. Briefly, Brown rice (Oryza sativa var. glutinosa) from KhekNoi, KhaoKho, Phetchabun (Thailand) was soaked for 24 hours until germinated. PGBR was dried, ground to a powder and suspended in distilled water before use.
8
Neurotransmitter Receptor Modulation
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N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA), kainic acid (KA), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), threo-β-Benzyloxyaspartic acid (TBOA), and MK-801 were purchased from Torcis (Ellisville, Missouri, US). Glutamate and gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Bicuculline methobromide was purchased from Alexis Biochemicals.
9
Neurosteroid and Neurotransmitter Analysis
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BPF (cat. no. 51453), BPA-d16 (cat. no. 451835), 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA, cat. no. 437778), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, cat. no. 472301), and tricaine (MS-222) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 1-Phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) was purchased from Fluka (CAS No. 79180).
Standards for the three neurosteroids (progesterone, allopregnanolone, and testosterone) and six neurotransmitters (3-methoxytyramine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, norepinephrine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine) used in this study were purchased from either Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, RI, USA). The following internal standards were used: dehydroepiandrosterone-2,2,3,4,4,5-d6 for testosterone; pregnenolone-17β,21,21,21-d4 for progesterone and allopregnanolone; and tryptophan-d3 for the aforementioned six neurotransmitters; these standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and C/D/N Isotopes Inc. (Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada). All organic solvents were of analytical or HPLC grade and purchased from Honeywell Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
Standards for the three neurosteroids (progesterone, allopregnanolone, and testosterone) and six neurotransmitters (3-methoxytyramine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, norepinephrine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and dopamine) used in this study were purchased from either Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, RI, USA). The following internal standards were used: dehydroepiandrosterone-2,2,3,4,4,5-d6 for testosterone; pregnenolone-17β,21,21,21-d4 for progesterone and allopregnanolone; and tryptophan-d3 for the aforementioned six neurotransmitters; these standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and C/D/N Isotopes Inc. (Pointe-Claire, QC, Canada). All organic solvents were of analytical or HPLC grade and purchased from Honeywell Burdick and Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA).
10
HPLC Separation of Neurotransmitters
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HPLC Plus grade acetonitrile (≥99.9%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Kent, UK). Formic acid (≥99% LC/MS grade, HiPerSolv CHROMANORM ®) was purchased from VWR. Centrifuge tube filter (Corning ® Costar ® Spin-X ®, 0.22 μm Pore CA Membrane, Sterile, 96/Case, Polypropylene) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, which was used to filter gut model fluid samples. Analytical standards powder including LC-MS grade dopamine hydrochloride (99%) and L (-)-Epinephrine (99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). L-Noradrenaline (98%), Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (99%) and serotonin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co Ltd.
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