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29 protocols using shc001

1

Targeting HIF2α and EFEMP1 in Mice

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Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting mouse HIF2α (TRCN0000003806, NM_001430X-1694S1C1), EFEMP1 (TRCN00000055963, NM_004105.2-372S1C1), and non-targeting RNA (SHC001) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). For the efficient HIF2α and EFEMP1 shRNA transfection, transfection was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's instructions. We chose the HIF2α and EFEMP1 shRNA that is most effective in mRNA levels from five shRNA designed from the target sequence and determined by qRT-PCR.
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2

Lentiviral SNCA Knockdown in NPCs

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To investigate potential phenotypical rescue by lentiviral SNCA gene knock-down, the vector pLKO.1 puro (Sigma Aldrich #SHC001) expressing the 5′-CCGGACCAAAGAGCAAGTGACAAATCTCGAGATTTGTCACTTGCTCTTTGGTTTTTT-3′ (clone ID: TRCN0000003736) was used to knock-down human aSyn gene in NPCs. All cloned sequences were verified by automated sequencing (StartSeq, Mainz, Germany). Lentivirus infected cells were selected using puromycin.
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3

Lentiviral Knockdown of hST8Sia I

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Lentiviral plasmid pLKO.1 containing shRNA targeting hST8Sia I (TRCN0000036045) or empty vector pLKO.1 (SHC001) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lentivirus productions and lentiviral infections were performed according to the supplier’s protocol. After puromycin selection to generate stable cell lines with empty vector shRNA as a control and hST8Sia I-specific shRNA, cells were cultivated for 24 h in FBS-free medium and the knock-down efficacy of hST8Sia I shRNA was assessed by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis.
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4

Generating Stable IRP1 Knockdown HeLa Cells

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The FUNDC1 knockdown HeLa cells (sh-F1) and rescued HeLa cells (sh-F1/WT, sh-F1/△LIR), PGAM5 knockout HeLa cells, Tet-inducible Bcl-xL expression HeLa cells, GFP-Parkin HeLa cell, and GFP-LC3 HeLa cells were maintained in our lab. The HeLa cell stably expressed mt-Keima was kindly gifted by Dr. Xin Pan from the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing.
The pLKO.1 vector was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (SHC001). Plasmids expressing hairpin siRNA were constructed by inserting pairs of annealed DNA oligonucleotides into pLKO.1 according to the manufacturer's instructions. The targeting sequence to IRP1 was 5′-CCATAAGACCTTTATCTAT-3′. A nontargeting sequence, 5′-ACTACCGTTGTTATAGGTG-3′, was used as a scramble control (sc). To generate the stable knockdown cells, HeLa cells were transfected with pLKO.1-IRP1 or pLKO.1-sc. 24 h after transfection, 0.5 μg/ml puromycin (Sigma-Aldrich, P9620) was added to the medium for selection. Stable clones were analyzed by western blotting to confirm IRP1 knockdown.
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5

Trak1 and Mitochondrial Dynamics Regulation

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The expression constructs encoding N-terminal GFP-tagged human Trak1 WT (residues 1–953) and Trak1 hyrt (residues 1–824) were generated as previously described (Webber et al., 2008 (link)). The rescue expression constructs encoding shRNA-resistant GFP-tagged Trak1 WT and Trak1 hyrt were generated by site-directed mutagenesis to make two or three silent third-codon substitutions within the shRNA-targeted region of the Trak1 transcript without altering the Trak1 amino acid sequence. The full-length Miro1 and Miro2 expression constructs were provided by Dr. Pontus Aspenstrom (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Sweden), and full-length Mfn1 and Mfn2 constructs by Dr. David Chan (California Institute of Technology). The DsRed2-Mito plasmid for expressing mitochondrial matrix-targeted red fluorescent protein DsRed2 was obtained from (Clontech), and the mito-Dendra2 construct was a gift from Dr. Michael T. Ryan (La Trobe University, Australia). The shRNA constructs targeting human Trak1 (NM_014965.2-876s1c1 and NM_014965.2-1392s1c1) and a non-targeting shRNA control construct (SHC001) were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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6

Manipulating Neuronal Progenitors in Cerebral Organoids

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Organoids (specifically, the “ventricles” or progenitor zones) were electroporated with either a MeCP2 shRNA construct (validated sequence from Sigma; TRCN0000330971) or control (SHC001, Sigma), each co-injected with a Venus construct (pCAGIG-Venus; gift from Omar Durak and Prof. Li-Huei Tsai) at 8 weeks post-EB formation. Indicated plasmids were mixed at the following concentrations: shRNA (shMeCP2) / control (shControl) plasmids, 1 μg/ μl; pCAG-Venus plasmid, 0.5 μg/μl. Immediately after DNA injection into the organoid, four 50-ms electrical pulses (40V) were applied at 1-s intervals using a 5-mm electrode and an electroporator (EM830, BTX). After 7 days, organoids were fixed (4% PFA) and cryoprotected in 20% and 30% sucrose solutions, respectively, overnight. Fixed organoids were sliced on a cryostat (Leica, CM 3050 S) into 20 μM sections. For tracing migration of newly born neurons, cerebral organoids from Rett-WT2 and RTT-Mut2 cells were co-injected with pCAGIG-Venus and fluorescence beads (Molecular Probes; F13082) that mark the location of the injected ventricles.
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7

Targeted Cloning and Stable Expression of Regulatory Genes

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The 5'UTR of human DRAP1, PRR3 transcript variant (tv) 2, PRH1 tv 1, CNPY2 tv 1, CACTIN tv 1, or RBM10 tv 1 through the stop codon of each alt-ORF was PCR amplified with a 3' FLAG-HA epitope tag from reverse-transcribed HEK 293T cDNAs, then cloned into pcDNA3. MINAS-60 deletions or mutations bearing a FLAG-HA tag were generated by ligating PCR products into BamHI and EcoRI sites in the pcDNA3 vector. For generation of HEK 293T cells stably expressing MINAS-60, the FLAG-HA tagged coding sequence was PCR amplified and cloned into pLJM1. The RPS2 cDNA clone was purchased from Addgene (a gift from Thomas Tuschl), and the coding sequences of MRTO4, BRIX1 and RPL29 were amplified by PCR from HEK 293T cDNAs, then subcloned into pJLM1. RNAi constructs were made by synthesizing oligonucleotides encoding a 21 bp short hairpin RNA that targets RBM10 (shRNA1, CTTCGCCTTCGTCGAGTTTAG; shRNA2, TCCAACGTGCGCGTCATAAAG), then cloned into pLKO.1. Empty pLKO.1 vector control was purchased from Sigma (SHC001). qPCR primer sequences are provided in Supplementary Table 4.
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8

Transfection of Plasmids Expressing Proteins and shRNAs

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Plasmids expressing LMAN2, SIRT, HDAC, or GFP proteins13 (link),21 (link) were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000, according to the manufacturer’s instruction.
pLKO-based Validated MISSION shRNAs (TRCN0000040221, TRCN0000040222) targeting human SIRT2 gene for human cells and negative control (SHC001) were purchased from Sigma. Plasmids carrying U6 promoter-driven shRNAs were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000, according to the manufacturer’s instruction.
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9

Cloning and Mutagenesis of PML-I Construct

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The PMLI gene fragment was obtained by PCR amplification from pcDNA3.1-PMLI (a kind gift from Dr Mounira Chelbi-Alix, University PARIS V) using forward primer SpeI/PML F′: 5′-CATCTAACTAGTATGGAGAGCCTGCACCCGCCC-3′ and reverse primer PML R′/BamHI 5′-CATCTAGGATCCTCAGCTCTGCTCGGAGGCC-3′ (Eurofins MWG Operon). The fragment obtained was cloned into the pLKOpuro vector using the SpeI and BamHI restriction sites (SHC001, Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA). An HA-tag was introduced in the C-terminal end of PMLI by PCR using QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (200518, Stratagene, Cedar Creek, TX, USA) and the following primers: HA-tag-sense 5′-CCTCCCAGCAGAGCTACCCTATCGATGTTCCAGATTACGCTTGAGGATCCACCGG-3′ and HA-tag-antisense 5′-CCGGTGGATCCTCAAGCGTAATCTGGAACATCGTATGGGTAGCTCTGCTGGGAGG-3′. The deletions of PMLI NLS and PMLI NES were also performed by PCR using QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit using ΔNLS-sense 5′-GCCCCAGGAAGGTCGGGAAGGAGGCAAG-3′ ΔNLS-antisense 5′-CTTGCCTCCTTCCCGACCTTCCTGGGGC-3′ or ΔNES-sense 5′-ACATTAACAGGCTGTGGGAAGTGCCCGGGGC-3′ ΔNES-antisense 5′-GCCCCGGGCACTTCCCACAGCCTGTTAATGT-3′. The lentiviral particles used to infect DU145 and PC3 with pLKO-PML constructs were produced according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The lentiviral packaging mix was also purchased from Sigma (SHP001).
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10

Knockdown of Progesterone Receptor in Breast Cancer

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HEK-293 cells were transfected with pVSV-G [26 (link)] and pCMV∆R8.91 [27 (link)], together with the pLKO.1-puro non-targeting vector (SHC001; Sigma-Aldrich) or pLKO.1-shRNA against PR using CaCl2 to permeabilize the cell membrane. Two different clones of PLKO.1-shRNA against PR have been used: clone trcn0000010776 and clone trcn0000003321 (SHCLND-NM_000926, Sigma-Aldrich). The viral particles containing the shRNA were collected 72 h after the transfection and used to infect breast cancer cells stably. Cell populations were finally selected with puromycin (1 μg/mL) and processed to quantify mRNA and protein expression.
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