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38 protocols using as003

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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The cultured cells were collected and lysed with enhanced radioimmunoprecipitation assay lysis buffer (Boster Biological Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China) containing protease inhibitors. The bicinchoninic acid kit (Boster Biological Technology) was utilized to determine the protein concentration. Proteins were separated with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the separated proteins were electro-transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Immobilon P, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), and the membrane was treated with 5% skimmed milk at ambient temperature for 2 h to block non-specific binding. The membrane was incubated with primary antibody at 4°C overnight and then with horseradish peroxidase conjugated secondary antibody at 37°C for 1 h. Enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was utilized to visualize the immunoreactive bands, followed by imaging using ChemiDoc XRS Plus luminescent image analyzer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). ImageJ analysis software was utilized to quantify the gray value of protein bands. Antibodies included SIRT6 (A7416, 1:2,000, ABclonal, Woburn, MA, USA), NRP-1 (A19087, 1:2,000, ABclonal), GAPDH (AC033, 1:50,000, ABclonal), Lin28B (ab191881, 1:2,000, abcam), rabbit secondary antibody (AS014, 1:10,000, ABclonal), and murine secondary antibody (AS003, 1:10,000, ABclonal).
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2

Protein Extraction and Analysis Protocol

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The indicated strains were inoculated into liquid MM and cultivated for 24 hours at 37°C and 200 rpm. With a mortar and pestle, the mycelia were gathered and homogenized in liquid nitrogen. The protein extracts were obtained as previously described [58 (link)]. The nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were extracted by using a Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Extraction Kit (Beyotime, P0027). SDS–PAGE gels were used to separate the total protein, which was then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore). Anti-mouse FLAG (1:5000, Sigma–Aldrich, F3165), anti-rabbit H3 (1:5000, Sigma–Aldrich, H9289), anti-mouse GFP (1:2000, Roche, 11814460001) and anti-rabbit H3K14ac (1:5000, Abclonal, A7254) were used to probe the blots. The secondary antibodies were peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse (1:5000, ABclonal, AS003) and goat anti-rabbit (1:5000, ABclonal, AS014). The Enhanced ECL luminescence detection kit (Vazyme, E411) was used to visualize blots, and images were captured with a Tanon 4200 chemiluminescent imaging system. ImageJ software was used to calculate the band intensities.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Total protein was extracted by lysis of cells with SDS-PAGE Sample Loading (P0015, Beyotime), and 20 μl/ lane of protein extract was separated on SDS–polyacrylamide gels and then transferred onto PVDF membranes (0.22 µm pore, Roche). After that, the membranes were blocked with TBST buffer (20 mM Tris, 137 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween-20, pH8.0) containing 5% nonfat milk for 3 h, then coated with primary antibody and placed at 4 °C overnight and after that were incubated at room temperature for 1 h. Protein bands were visualized with Immobilon Western chemiluminescence HRP substrate.
Primary antibody information: β-actin(3700, CST), P62(88588, CST), LC3-A/B(12741, CST), cathepsin B(31718S, CST), cathepsin D(2284, CST), cathepsin D(AF1014, R&D), cathepsin L(AF952, R&D), PARP(5625, CST), JNK(9258, CST), P-JNK(4668, CST), P-P38(4511, CST), P38(8690, CST), Caspase 3 (GTX110543,GTX). All were diluted 1:1500.
Secondary antibody information: anti-mouse antibody (AS003, Abclonal) and anti-rabbit antibody (AS014, Abclonal), both were diluted 1:5000.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Retinal Proteins

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The protein sample from the retina was denatured by boiling in SDS sample buffer, and an aliquot of 10ug of total protein was subjected to 10% SDS-PAGE gels, followed by transferring to a PVDF membrane. The membrane was first blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST buffer for one hour and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies. After washing in TBST for three times, the membrane was incubated in a blocking solution with secondary antibodies at RT for 1 h. The membranes were washed 5 times and incubated with SuperSignalTM West Pico PLUS Chemiluminescent Substrate (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol and were ready for detection. The antibodies and concentration used are listed below: rabbit anti-iNOS (ab15323, Abcam, 1:250), rabbit anti-TLR4 (A5258, Abclonal, 1:1000), rabbit anti-HP (ab256454, Abcam, 1:1000), rabbit anti-HPX (A5603, Abclonal, 1:1000), rabbit anti-FGG (A5642, Abclonal, 1:1000), mouse anti-GAPDH (CB1001, Millipore, 1:1000), HRP goat anti-rabbit IgG (AS014, Abclonal, 1:5000) and HRP goat anti-mouse IgG (AS003, Abclonal, 1:5000).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

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Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) was utilized to extract total cellular protein content, after which a BCA assay (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used for protein quantification. Samples were then electrophoretically separated and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, MA, USA). Following blocking for 2 h with 5% nonfat milk, blots were examined with proper primary and secondary antibodies. The bands of protein were then discovered via enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH, MD, USA). Antibodies used in this study were as follows: E-cadherin (abcam, ab231303, 1 : 1000), N-cadherin (abcam, ab98952, 1 : 1000), Vimentin (abcam, ab92547, 1 : 1000), Slug (abcam, ab27568, 1 : 1000), Snail (abcam, ab216347, 1 : 1000), HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (ABclonal, AS014, 1 : 4000), HRP Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (ABclonal, AS003, 1 : 5000).
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6

Immunoblotting Analysis of dTHP-1 Variants

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For immunoblotting analysis, dTHP-1 variants (1 × 106 cells/well) in 12-well plates were subjected to the indicated treatment. The cell lysate and culture supernatant used for immunoblot were prepared as described previously [30 (link)]. For immunoblotting, the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose blotting membranes (A29740189, Cytiva). The membranes were blocked in 5% BSA or 5% skimmed milk and then treated with the antibodies targeting the following proteins: Caspase 1 (2225 S, Cell Signaling Technology), GSDMD (96458 S, Cell Signaling Technology), IL-1β (12703 S, Cell Signaling Technology), CD11b (66519-1-Ig, Proteintech), 6×His-tag (ab213204, Abcam), GAPDH (ab181602, Abcam), β-actin (AC004, ABclonal), and CytK. The membranes were then incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody {HRP goat-anti-rabbit (ab97051, Abcam) or HRP-conjugated goat antibody against mouse IgG (AS003, ABclonal)} for 1 h at room temperature. An ECL chemiluminescence kit (P0018S, Beyotime) was used to detect immunoreactive proteins, and imaging was performed with the GelDoc XR System (Bio-Rad).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Plant Proteins

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Total protein extracts from plant samples were prepared, resolved by SDS-PAGE and electroblotted onto nitrocellulose membranes as described.33 (link) Membranes were stained with Ponceau S for loading control; immunodetection was conducted using as the primary antibodies rabbit anti-PPV coat protein (CP) serum33 (link) and mouse anti-GFP monoclonal antibody (AE012, ABclonal). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (ab205718, Abcam) or goat anti-mouse IgG (AS003, ABclonal) were used as the secondary antibody; immunostained proteins were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence detection.
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8

Western Blot Analysis of ER Stress Markers

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Total protein was extracted from A549 cells and lung tissues using radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). After the proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, they were transferred to membranes, which were blocked with Protein Free Rapid Blocking Buffer (PS108, EpiZyme) and incubated with primary antibodies against CHOP (A5462, Bimake), BiP (11587-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), ATF6 (D262665, Sangon, China), ATF4 (A5514, Bimake), XBP-1s (24868-1-AP, Proteintech), XBP-1u (25997-1-AP, Proteintech), IRE1α (A00683-1, Boster, Wuhan, China), phospho-IRE1α (S724, human) (ab124945, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), phospho-IRE1α (S724, mouse) (530878, ZEN-BIO, Chengdu, China), Vimentin (ET1610-39, HuaBio, Hangzhou, China), and E-cadherin (340341, ZEN-BIO) overnight. GAPDH (bs-0755R, Bioss, Beijing, China) was used as the internal reference protein. After incubation with HRP-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) (AS014, ABclonal, Wuhan, China) and HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) (AS003, ABclonal), the protein bands were visualized using a ChemiDoc™ Imaging System (Bio-Rad) and quantified using NIH ImageJ software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Autophagy Markers

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Cells were seeded in 6-well plates and treated according to the experimental design. Total protein was obtained after cell lysis with RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, China), and cleared lysates were denatured by boiling for 10 min. Proteins were then separated with 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) (ABclonal, China) and then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, USA). The membranes were blocked with fast block buffer (Epizyme, China) for 20 min at room temperature. The membranes were then incubated overnight at 4°C with the following primary antibodies: AMPK (2532, Cell Signaling Technology), p-AMPK (2535, Cell Signaling Technology), Beclin1 (3495, Cell Signaling Technology), p62 (sc-28359, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), LC3 (14600-1-AP, Proteintech), and alpha-Tubulin (66031-1-Ig, Proteintech). After washing, the membranes were then incubated with horseradish peroxidase- (HRP-) conjugated goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit antibodies (AS014 and AS003, ABclonal) for 1 h at room temperature.
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10

Immunoblotting Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Samples from brain tissues and cultured cells were lysed, homogenized in an ice-cold lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors and phosphatase for 20 min and sonicated. A SDS-PAGE was used to separate proteins and the separated proteins were transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, USA). The membranes were immersed in 5% non-fat milk for 2 h and incubated at 4 °C overnight in the presence of primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against Bcl-2 (12,789, Proteintech), Bax (50,599, Proteintech), AMPK (66,536, Proteintech), p-AMPK (2537, CST), PGC-1α (66,369, Proteintech), SIRT3 (10,099, Proteintech), PRDX3 (ab264354, Abcam), acetylated-Lysine (9441, CST), VDAC (55,259, Proteintech), and β-actin (AC026, ABclonal). Then, membranes were incubated for 2 h with corresponding HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (AS003, AS014, ABclonal) at room temperature. Protein bands were captured by a Bio-Rad Imaging System (Bio-Rad, USA) and analyzed using the ImageJ software.
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