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2 protocols using lacticacid

1

Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose to Formic Acid

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In this research, glucose
(99.9%), formic acid (98%), glycolic acid (98%), methanol (99.5%),
and xylose (99.9%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent
Co., Ltd. Sodium hydroxide (96%), acetic acid (99.5%), and lactic
acid (85%) were obtained from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co.,
Ltd. Gluconic acid (49–53 wt % in water) was purchased from
Sun Chemical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Sorbitol (98%) was purchased
from Innochem (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. Glycolaldehyde dimer
was offered by Aladdin Reagent Company. Sodium oxalate (99.8%) and
pyruvaldehyde (40% w/w aq. solution) were purchased from Shanghai
Titan Scientific Co., Ltd. Glyceraldehyde (85%) was obtained from
Bide Pharmatech Ltd. 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone (98%) was provided by J&K
Scientific Ltd. Ag2O (99.7%, Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd.)
was chosen as the model compound of Ag(I) in the basic solution because
Ag(I) ion could form AgOH and then generate Ag2O at a high
pH (pH > 11). The stoichiometric demand for complete oxidation
of
glucose to FA was defined as a 100% Ag2O supply according
to eq 1.
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2

Green Chemistry Extraction of Catechins

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All the solvents or reagents used were of HPLC or analytical grade. Ethanol, FeCl3·6H2O, HCl, K2S2O8, and acetic acid were purchased from Titan Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Gallic acid was purchased from Energy-Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). ChCl and xylitol were obtained from Adamas Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Na2CO3 was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). D-sorbitol, glucose, maleic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, sucrose, and Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent were all obtained from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Citric acid, ethylene glycol (EG), and 1,2-propanediol (PD) were purchased from TCI Shanghai (Shanghai, China). Lactic acid and sodium acetate were purchased from Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Glycerol was purchased from MP Biomedicals Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 2, 4, 6-Tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Commercial standards of catechins [(−)-EC, (−)-EGC, (−)-ECG, and (−)-EGCG, purity ≥ 98%] were purchased from Chengdu RefMedic Biotech Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
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