Magnetom aera 1.5t scanner

All patients underwent CMR on a MAGNETOM Aera 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) using a 30-channel coil (body array and spine array). A Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) protocol based on a prototype sequence with an acquisition scheme of 5 s(3 s)3 s was used to acquire a midventricular short-axis image before injection of 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DOTA (Dotarem, Guerbet, Roissy, France). A MOLLI protocol with an acquisition scheme adjusted for post-contrast imaging of 4 s(1 s)3 s(1 s)2 s was then repeated in the same short-axis view approximately 15–20 min after contrast injection. Motion-corrected T1 maps were derived from both the pre- and post-contrast MOLLI images. For all patients, cine balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) images as well as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were acquired in short-axis (covering the entire left ventricle) and in the standard 2-, 3-, and 4-chamber long-axis views. No patients were given fluids during the MR examination.

Participants were scanned at Perspectum Gemini (Oxford: n=338; MAGNETOM Aera 1.5T scanner) and Mayo Clinic (London: n=198; MAGNETOM Vida 3T) (both scanners: Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany), at baseline and follow-up with multiorgan, multiparametric MRI assessment (total ~40 min duration). All imaging methods were deployed in standard clinical MRI scanners using slightly modified versions of previously published methods11 12 (link) and using short (<14 s) breath-holds except for lung imaging (online supplemental methods 4 and 5).
After each visit, participants and if requested their primary care physicians also, received a clinical summary and a report informing on the MRI data, where quantitative metrics were referenced against the healthy control population, and one on the blood biomarker data.

All subjects underwent CMR on a MAGNETOM Aera 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a 30-channel coil (body array and spine array). In healthy volunteers, a prototype MOLLI sequence was used to acquire a single midventricular short-axis image and three long-axis images (two-chamber, three-chamber and four-chamber) whereas a prototype SASHA sequence was used to acquire a midventricular short-axis image and a single long-axis (three-chamber) image. Pre-contrast MOLLI T1 mapping was performed using an acquisition scheme of 5s(3s)3s whereas post-contrast MOLLI T1 mapping was performed using an acquisition scheme of 4s(1s)3s(1s)2s. The SASHA scheme remained the same before and after contrast administration. Previous studies [7 (link), 8 (link)] have shown that these pulse sequences are heart-rate independent. Post-contrast mapping was performed approximately 30 min after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg Gd-DOTA (Dotarem, Guerbet, Roissy, France). In patients, the same MR protocol was utilized for the acquisition of a single midventricular short-axis image and a single long-axis image (two-chamber or three-chamber). MOLLI and SASHA T1 maps were acquired at the same slice locations.

All patients underwent MR imaging with intravenous injection of 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA; Bayer HealthCare, Berlin, Germany) and immediately followed by a 20-ml saline flush at a speed of 2 ml/s. Taking Magnetom Aera 1.5T scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) as an example, imaging sequences included axial T2-weighted imaging with fat suppression (T2WI-FS), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in-phase and opposed-phase T1-weighted imaging (IP-OP T1WI), axial precontrast three-dimensional volumetric-interpolated breath-hold examination T1-weighted imaging (3D-VIBE T1WI) with fat suppression, and postcontrast dynamic-enhanced 3D-VIBE-T1WI at arterial phase (AP, 20–30 s), portal venous phase (PVP, 60–70 s), and delayed phase (DP, 180 s). Detailed parameters of each acquisition sequence are shown in Supplementary Table S2.

All MRI examinations were performed in the setting of suspected myocardial injury and in a Magnetom Aera 1.5 T scanner (Siemens Healthineers). The standard cardiac protocol at our department includes coronal, axial, and sagittal true fast imaging with steady state precession (TrueFISP) sequences covering the entire thorax, in order to evaluate the pulmonary changes. The scan parameters of the sequences were as follows: echo time, 1.38-1.65 ms; repetition time, 441.59 ms; flip angle, 80°; slice thickness, 6 mm; field of view, 340 × 276 mm; and matrix, 256 × 178.