Usb tc01

A tubular oven is used to vaporize the liquid sample. A Model “TF1 11/32/150” was purchased from Carbolite Gero, VERDER Scientific (Eragny sur Oise, France). This oven can heat samples up to 1100 °C. It is fitted with a quartz tube with an external diameter of 32 mm, an internal diameter of 28 mm, and a length of 50 cm. Heating resistors inside the oven ensure that the central part of the quartz tube is heated homogeneously. This central section is 15 cm long. Heat shields are placed inside the quartz tube that isolate the central part from lateral parts. The ends of the quartz tube are fitted with Teflon seals and metal fittings to ensure good system sealing. They also provide connections with the tubes, allowing a circulation of carrier gas through the oven. An additional connection is present only on one of the metal fittings. It is used to insert a type K thermocouple for temperature measurements inside the quartz tube. The thermocouple is connected to a USB interface (USB-TC01 from National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA). The oven is also equipped with a thermocouple that gives a temperature measurement external to quartz tube but close to its center. The internal control of the oven temperature is performed by a model 3016 controller (manufactured by Eurotherm, Worthing, UK), which is interfaced with the computer monitoring the experiment.

Temperature increase induced in biological samples at the optimal stimulation conditions was measured with a fine-wire type T thermocouple (cat. no. KA01, T. M. Electronics, resolution of 0.1 °C) positioned inside the BSRS. Temperature data were acquired at a sampling F of 1 Hz with a thermocouple measurement device (USB-TC01, National Instruments) that was connected to a PC.

The experimenters were blinded to genotypes. A 60 mm dish containing approximately 1 ml distilled water (testing chamber) was placed on a temperature-controlled plate MATS-SPE (TOKAI HIT, Shizuoka, Japan) set at 44.5 °C to equilibrate the water temperature in a testing chamber to 35 ± 1 °C, which was continuously monitored using a T-type thermocouple wire IT-23 (Physitemp, NJ), USB-TC01 (National Instruments), and the NI Signal Express software (National Instruments, TX). Wandering third instar larvae expressing dTRPA1 by ppk1.9-GAL4 and/or DSK-2A-GAL4 were harvested to another 60 mm dish at room temperature (23–25°C), and gently transferred to the 35 °C testing chamber using a paintbrush. All experiments were performed and recorded under a binocular microscope with a camcorder, and the latency from the placement of larvae to rolling was measured offline for each larva.