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3 3 5 5 tetramethylbenzidine tmb substrate

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3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate is a chromogenic substrate used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other immunoassay applications. It undergoes an enzymatic reaction to produce a colored product that can be measured spectrophotometrically.

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10 protocols using 3 3 5 5 tetramethylbenzidine tmb substrate

1

HER2-expressing Cell Binding Assay

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Serum from vaccinated mice was diluted and added to parental or human HER2-expressing NMUMG cells for 1 hour at room temperature. Plates were washed and cells were fixed with 1% formalin. A secondary antimouse IgG-HRP conjugated antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) was used prior to developing with 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (Biolegend) and absorbance determined using a Bio-Rad Model 680 microplate reader (Bio-Rad).
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2

Peptide-HLA-E Binding Assay

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A previously optimized peptide exchange ELISA-based binding assay was used to test SP binding to HLA-E*01:03 (refs. 18 (link),19 (link)). In brief, pre-purified HLA-E*01:03 refolded with an ultraviolet-sensitive VL9 variant (VMAPJTLVL) was incubated in l-arginine-redox buffer (100 mM Tris pH 8.0, 400 mM l-arginine monohydrochloride, 2 mM EDTA, 5 mM reduced glutathione, 0.5 mM oxidized glutathione) with 25 μM of test peptide overnight at 4 °C. The degree of peptide-HLA-E*01:03 complex recovery for the individual SPs was interrogated the following day, using a sandwich ELISA that uses anti-HLA-E capture (3D12, BioLegend) and β2m detection (polyclonal anti-human β2m horseradish peroxidase-conjugated IgG detection antibody, Thermo Fisher Scientific) with signal enhancement (EnVision+ System-HRP, Agilent). ELISA plates were developed in 100 μl of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend) and reactions were terminated by adding 100 μl H2SO4 STOP solution (BioLegend). Absorbance readings were subsequently measured at 450 nm on a FLUOstar OMEGA plate reader. Two biological repeats and three technical repeats for each biological sample were tested for each peptide.
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3

ELISA-Based Serum IgG Titer Quantification

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The total serum IgG titers against the recombinant DIII proteins or virions were determined by ELISA. The ELISA plate was coated with 0.2 μg of the recombinant DIII proteins or 105 FFU formalin-inactivated virus (100 μl/well) in 0.05M carbonate buffer at 4oC overnight. After being washed with PBST three times, each well of the plate was blocked with 150 μl/well of 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS for 1 h at room temperature (RT) and then washed with 200 μl PBST three times. Next, the mouse sera were 4-fold serially diluted from a dilution factor of 1:100 with dilution buffer (PBS containing 1% BSA and 0.05% Tween 20) and added to the ELISA plate for 1 h of incubation at RT. After washing with PBST three times, each well of the ELISA plate was treated with 100 μl HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibody at a dilution factor of 1:10000 at RT for 1 h and washed with PBST three times. Finally, 100 μl/well of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend) was added to the ELISA plate for coloration and allowed to react in the dark for 15 min. The reaction was stopped by 100 μl/well of 2 N sulfuric acid. The absorbance for each well was measured at 450 nm using an ELISA reader (DYNEX MRX II). The end-point titers of total IgG were defined as the maximal serum dilutions that produced an OD value of over 0.2.
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4

Quantifying Cell Surface Receptor Expression

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To quantify cell surface receptor expression, HEK293 (ThermoFisher Scientific, Nr. R70507) cells transfected with G-CASE and pcDNA or N-terminally FLAG-tagged H1/2R constructs were grown for 48 h in transparent 96-well plates (Brand, Wertheim, Germany) and washed once with 0.5% BSA (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) in PBS. Next, cells were incubated with a rabbit anti-FLAG M2 antibody (142 ng/mL) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) in 1% BSA–PBS for 1 h at 4 °C. Following incubation, the cells were washed three times with 0.5% BSA–PBS and incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody (30 ng/ml) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA) in 1% BSA–PBS for 1 h at 4 °C. The cells were washed three times with 0.5% BSA/PBS, and 50 µl of the 3, 3′, 5, 5′ tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) was added. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 30 min and 50 µl of 2 M HCl was added. The absorbance was read at 450 nm using a BMG ClarioStar Plus plate reader.
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5

Quantifying Anti-dsDNA IgG in Plasma

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Blood was collected into anticoagulant-coated Capiject tubes (Terumo Medical, Somerset, NJ) and centrifuged at 15,000×g for 30 sec. Plasma was collected and stored at -80°C. For detection of anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) IgG, the plate was coated with 0.1 mg/ml of calf DNA (Sigma) in 1 saline-sodium citrate (SSC) buffer at 4°C overnight, followed by washing with PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T). Wells were then blocked with PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 1 h at room temperature and washed. Samples were added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. After additional washing, HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG-Fc secondary antibody (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX) was added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature, following by more washes with PBS-T. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (Biolegend) was then added. After the reaction was stopped, the plate was read at 450 nm with SpectraMax plate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Total IgG and IgM concentrations were determined with mouse IgG and IgM ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Bethyl Laboratories).
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6

Quantifying Antibody Levels in Respiratory Samples

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Human IgG1 antibody levels in serum and BAL fluid were determined by IgG1 Ready-SET-Go! ELISA (Affymetrix, eBioscience) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After heat inactivation (56°C for 30 min) samples were diluted 1:40 (serum) and 1:2 (BAL fluid). Influenza-specific human Ab titers in serum and BAL fluid were determined by ELISA as previously described (20 (link)) with the following modifications. The IgG ELISA was performed in 96-well ELISA plates (BD Biosciences) coated with 1 × 106 PFU/ml of A/swine/England/1353/09 over night at 4°C. Twofold dilutions of BAL fluid samples or serum (heat inactivated for 30 min at 56°C) were added, starting from 1:2 or 1:10 dilution, respectively. Binding of influenza-specific Abs was detected using a monoclonal anti-human IgG (hIgG) (Fc) (Biorad) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend). Optical density (OD) readings were taken at 450 and 570 nm (wavelength correction). Ab values were expressed as endpoint titers defined as the highest dilution at which the OD was higher than twice the background OD.
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7

Peanut Allergy IgE Disruption by mAbs

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An indirect competitive ELISA was used to evaluate the ability of mAbs to disrupt peanut allergy serum IgE binding to Ara h 2. Microtiter plates were coated with 5 μg/mL natural Ara h 2 (Indoor Biotechnologies) overnight at 4°C and then blocked (PBST, consisting of 0.05% Tween-20 and 1% BSA) for 2 hours. Purified Ara h 2–specific mAbs (0.625–5 μg/mL) were added for 2 hours, followed by a 2-hour incubation with a 1:50 dilution of IgG-depleted peanut allergy pooled plasma from placebo-treated OIT participants (n = 6). For IgE detection, anti-IgE conjugated to HRP (1:10,000, Bethyl Laboratories) was added for 1 hour. Plates were washed with PBST between each step of the protocol, and all incubations were performed at room temperature, unless otherwise specified. For the colorimetric assay, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend) was incubated for 45 minutes, and the reaction was stopped with 1 M phosphoric acid (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Absorbance was measured at 450 nm on a SpectraMax iD5 spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices) with SoftMax Pro 7.1 (Molecular Devices). Before analysis, the background was subtracted from OD values. The percentage of inhibition was calculated after normalization to the control (without a mAb).
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8

Anti-dsDNA IgG ELISA Assay

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Serum samples were obtained following whole blood collection and coagulation, and stored at −20°C. Anti-double stranded (ds)DNA IgG levels in diluted serum samples was detected following a previously reported ELISA assay (12 (link)). Briefly, the plate was coated with 0.1 mg/ml of calf thymus DNA (Sigma) in 1× saline-sodium citrate buffer and incubated at 4°C overnight, followed by washing with PBS containing 0.05% Tween-20 (PBS-T). Wells were then blocked with PBS containing 1% BSA for 1 h at room temperature. Samples were added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature. After additional washes in PBS-T, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG-Fc secondary antibody (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX) was added and incubated for 1 h at room temperature, followed by further washing. 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (Biolegend) was then added, and the reaction was stopped by adding 2N H2SO4 stop solution. The plate was read at 450 nm using SpectraMax plate reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Total IgG levels were determined using a mouse IgG ELISA kit (Bethyl Laboratories) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Serum endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, or LPS) level was measured using Pierce LAL Chromogenic Endotoxin Quantitation Kit (Thermo Scientific) following the manufacturer's procedures.
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9

Quantitative Mouse IL-10 ELISA Protocol

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Wells were coated overnight at 4°C with anti-mouse IL-10 (R and D Systems) in coating buffer (0.0125M sodium bicarbonate plus 0.0875 M anhydrous sodium carbonate, pH 9.6). Wells were washed three times each with 0.05% Tween-20 in PBS (PBST, pH 7.4) and deionized water (DW), then blocked with 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS for 1 h at room temperature (RT). After washing, samples and standards were added and incubated for 1 h at RT. Again, after washing, subsequent steps were performed with biotin-conjugated anti-mouse IL-10 followed by avidin-conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP-Avidin; BioLegend) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend), all with wash steps in between. IL-10 was detected following the addition of 100 μl of 2 N sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to terminate the reaction. Optical density (OD) was measured at 450 nm within 30 min of acid addition. Quantification of IL-10 was performed by generation of a standard curve using recombinant mouse IL-10.
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10

Quantification of Mitofusin-1 Antibodies

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A medium-binding 96-well EIA/RIA plate (Corning, 9017) was coated overnight at 4°C with mitofusin-1 recombinant protein (MyBioSource, MBS2033248) diluted to a concentration of 2 μg/mL in 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate buffer (Polysciences, 24094-10). The plate was then washed 5 times with wash buffer (0.05% Tween 20 in PBS) and blocked with 10% FBS (VWR, 10803-034) in PBS (blocking buffer) for 2 hours at room temperature. Serum or plasma samples were diluted at 1:1,000 in blocking buffer, added to the plate, and incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C. The plate was washed 5 times with wash buffer and then incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C with anti–human IgG-HRP or anti-human IgA-HRP (Jackson ImmunoResearch, 109-035-008 and 109-035-011, respectively) diluted 1:2,000 in blocking buffer. The plate was washed 5 more times with wash buffer and was developed with 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate (BioLegend, 421101). The reaction was stopped by 2N sulfuric acid solution, and followed by analysis of absorbance at 450 nm (Synergy 2, BioTek). For all experiments, a blank well was included and subtracted from all wells. For normalization between plates, four identical samples were included on all plates. Values are presented as absorbance units (A.U.).
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