Pressurewire aeris certus

Invasive coronary angiography was performed according to local clinical standards. Prior to the invasive angiography intracoronary nitroglycerine was given, as is the standard in our centre. Invasive FFR was performed in all vessels with a visual stenosis grade between 30-90 % by invasive angiography. By protocol, an FFR pressure wire (PressureWire Aeris/Certus, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, USA, or Prime/Combo Wire, Volcano, San Diego, CA, USA) was placed distal to the stenosis of interest, after which hyperaemia was induced by intravenous infusion of adenosine at 140 μg/kg/min. An invasive FFR ≤0.80 was considered haemodynamically significant.

The 3D-DSA examination of cerebral and carotid arteries was carried out with a rotational angiographic system (Artis zeego, Siemens Healthcare, Forchheim, Germany) and was done with nonionic contrast medium (Visipaque, GE Healthcare) 2–2.4 ml/s with a total injection volume of 15–18 ml. The 3D-DSA was performed with a C-arm rotation of 180°.
According to the protocol introduced by Han [12 (link)], the reference blood pressure (mPa) was acquired at the cervical portion of internal carotid artery (C1) by the catheter, and then a pressure wire (PressureWire Aeris/Certus, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, USA) was positioned distal to the stenosis of interest (at least 3 cm downstream of the lesion) and the mean distal arterial pressure (mPd) was measured. Finally, the guidewire was pulled back, and the pressure gradient was record continuously. The invasive CAFA was calculated by dividing the mPd by mPa.

ICA was performed according to a standard protocol when the severity of stenosis in a major coronary artery was quantified as more than 50% [22 (link)]. Invasive FFR was performed to obtain physiology measurements for clinical indications in significant stenosis. According to the protocol, an FFR pressure wire (PressureWire Aeris/Certus, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, USA) was positioned distal to the stenosis of interest, at least 3 cm downstream of the lesion, and then hyperaemia was induced by intravenous infusion of adenosine at 140 μg/kg/min [23 (link)]. FFR was calculated by dividing the mean distal coronary pressure (mPd) by the mean aortic pressure (mPa) during hyperaemia. The FFR was considered diagnostic of ischaemia at a threshold of 0.80 or less [24 (link)].