Caprylic acid

D-limonene (LM), soybean oil (SB), caprylic acid (CP) and polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and sodium azide were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). The current study prepared all the solutions and emulsions with water purified by an Ultrapure Water System (Arium^® Comfort II, Sartorius Co., Göttingen, Germany). In addition, all the chemicals used in this study were analytically graded and applied accordingly throughout experimentation.

Caprylic acid (C8:0), capric acid (C10:0), lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), stearic acid (C18:0), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), and methyl-d3 stearate standard were obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan).

Lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and glutaraldehyde were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Caprylic acid, capric acid, linoleic acid, SLS, sodium chloride (NaCl), disodium hydrogen phosphate 12-water (Na₂HPO₄•12H₂O), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium chloride (KCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), manganese (II) chloride tetrahydrate (MnCl₂•4H₂O), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO₄•7H₂O), iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO₄•7H₂O), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂•2H₂O), agar, crystal violet, Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS)(+) and 99.5% ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). SLES was purchased from the NOF Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). The Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (d-PBS)(+) preparation reagent (with Ca and Mg) (100×) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan) and Thermo Fisher Scientific K.K. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. WELPAS^® antiseptic solution for hands (0.2%), an alcohol-based disinfectant, was purchased from Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).