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3 protocols using pelargonidin 3 5diglucoside

1

Antioxidant Compound Characterization Protocol

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The chemicals 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), (±)6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (TROLOX), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), diammonium salt (98%TLC), ABTS, gallic acid, sodium carbonate monohydrate ACS reagents, and ethanol (final ethanol grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); Manganese (IV) oxidise activated (˃90%), and Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagents were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Analytical grade solvents and reagents were used for all of the work. Ellagic acid, gallic acid, punicalagin A and B, punicalin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Stenheim, Germany). Formic acid and acetonitrile for LC/MS were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, MI, Italy). Sigma Aldrich provided all the other chemicals (Steinheim, Germany). The ultrapure water was produced from the Millipore system (Millipore Sigma, Darmstadt, Germany), and filtered with a 0.20 μm Sartolon polyamide filter (Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Göttingen, Germany).
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2

Identification and Quantification of Polyphenols

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The following reagents were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany): ethyl alcohol, phosphoric and sulfuric acids, monopotassium phosphate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide and Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent. The polyphenols standards ((-)-epicatechin, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-Oglucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside) were obtained from Extrasyntese (Genay, France).
The stilbenes trans-resveratrol and cis-resveratrol were obtained from the Cayman Chemical Company (Michigan, USA). Hesperidin, naringenin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, rutin, quercetin 3-glucoside, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, pelargonidin 3,5diglucoside, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caftaric acid, ρ-coumaric acid, syringic acid, gallic acid, glucose, fructose, rhamnose, maltose, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromate-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The organic acids, tartaric, malic, lactic, citric, succinic and acetic, were obtained from Vetec (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Water used for the mobile phase was purified in a Milli-Q Water Purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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3

Antioxidant Compounds and Standards

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(6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,20 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, ethyl alcohol, phosphoric acid, monopotassium phosphate and potassium persulfate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol was supplied by J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Ultrapure water obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to prepare all solutions. Standards included gallic, syringic, q-coumaric, caffeic and trans-caftaric acid, (+)-catechin, (À)-epicatechin gallate, (À)-epigallocatechin, procyanidin B1 and B2, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3,5-diglucoside, pelargonidin 3,5diglucoside from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Malvidin 3-O-glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside from Extrasyntese (Genay, France).
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