Potassium dichromate (≥ 99.5%), l -ascorbic acid (≥ 99.0%), sodium hydroxide (≥ 98.0%), and hydrochloric acid (37.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sulfuric acid (> 95.0%) and 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) (≥ 98.0%) were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Japan). Acetone (≥ 99.5%) was supplied by OIC Co., Ltd. (Korea). A 100 mL solution of the DPC reagent was prepared by dissolving 500 mg of DPC in 100 mL of acetone. Distilled deionized water (DIW) with an average resistivity of 18.2 MΩ-cm, was used to prepare stock and working solutions.
Sulfuric acid
Manufactured by Kanto Chemical
Sourced in Japan
Sulfuric acid is a strong, corrosive inorganic acid. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid. Sulfuric acid has a high boiling point and is soluble in water. It is a widely used chemical in various industrial processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
1 5 diphenylcarbohydrazide dpc, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Kanto Chemical (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium dichromate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Citric acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Ammonium chloride, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Calcium hydroxide, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide solution, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Graphite powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium nitrate, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Methylene blue, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Sodium sulfate, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
10 protocols using sulfuric acid
1
Colorimetric Cr(VI) Quantification Protocol
2
Graphite Composite Fabrication Protocol
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Natural graphite powder (CFW-18AK, 18 μm nominal particle size), and UF resin were provided by Chuetsu Graphite Works (Osaka, Japan), and DIC Kitanihon Polymer (Tomakomai, Japan), respectively. According to the manufacturer, the resin has the following general physicochemical properties: 51% non-volatile solids content, 7.5 pH, 110 mPa s viscosity, and 1.2 formaldehyde/urea molar ratio. Ammonium chloride (99.5% purity), which is a curing agent, was purchased from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Citric acid (>99.5% purity), and calcium hydroxide (>96.0% purity) as a pH adjuster were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan), and Kanto Chemical, respectively. Sulfuric acid (96.0% concentration), potassium permanganate (99.3% purity), and hydrogen peroxide solution (34.5% concentration) for GO preparation were purchased from Kanto Chemical. All reagents were used as received without further purification.
3
Graphite-Based Nanomaterial Synthesis
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Graphite powder purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium borohydride (NaBH4), Sodium nitrate (NaNO3), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Methylene blue (MB), and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All of the reagents were of analytical grade and were used directly without further purification.
4
Standardized Water Preparation for Experiments
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Reagent grade potassium dichromate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium nitrate were acquired from Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd. (Korea). L-Ascorbic acid (≥ 99.5%) was purchased from Samchun Pure Chemical Co., Ltd. (Korea). 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) and sulfuric acid were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Japan). Acetone was provided by OIC Co., Ltd. (Korea). 50 mL DPC reagent was prepared by dissolving 250 mg of DPC in 50 mL of acetone. Unless otherwise specified, freshly prepared deionized water (DIW) with an average resistivity of 18.2 MΩ-cm was used in all experiments. Synthetic soft water (SW) and hard water (HW) were prepared according to the protocols published elsewhere29 (link). Actual tap water (TW) was acquired from the drinking water supply of the laboratory where all experiments were performed.
5
Optimized Silver Mirror Synthesis
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All reagents used in the present study were of analytical reagent grade unless otherwise specified. Milli-Q water (Millipore Reagent Water System, Bedford, MA, USA) was used in all of the experiments. Dilute nitric acid, sulfuric acid, ethanol, potassium hydroxide, glucose and sodium chloride were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Hydrogen peroxide, a silver nitrate solution, an ammonia solution, saccharin, tin(II) chloride dihydrate and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). The silver powder was obtained from Nilaco (Tokyo, Japan). Tollens' reagent used for the silver-mirror reaction was prepared using a silver nitrate solution, an ammonia solution and potassium hydroxide. The silver plating solution was prepared by diluting solution 4 times with a 137 ppm saccharin solution.
6
Chitosan-Zeolite Composite Synthesis
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Chitosan (CH) (C6H11NO4) with molecular weight of 100,000–300,000 Da was bought from Acros Organics, Belgium. Zeolite (ZL) (Al2O3·2SiO2) was obtained from Tosoh Co. Ltd., Japan. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetic acid (CH3COOH), disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4), ammonium molybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O)), antimony potassium tartrate (K2Sb2(C4H2O6)2), ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were bought from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan. ZrClO was purchased from Fujifilm Wako Chemical, Tokyo, Japan.
7
Picolylamine-Based Heavy Metal Detection
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The materials used comprised 4-picolylamine (98%, Tokyo chemical industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 97.5%, Alfa Aesar Chemical Co., ltd., Haverhill, USA), disodium iminodiacetate hydrate (98%, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), sulfuric acid (0.5 mol/L, KANTO CHEMICAL Co., INC., Tokyo, Japan), hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), GASTEC GV-100, GASTEC No.151L, polypropylene microfiber nonwoven fabric (dg 30~520%, ENEOS Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), acetone (99.5%, Wako Chemical Co. Ltd., Odawara, Japan), ICP ( Model-9820, SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan), FE-SEM-EDS (JSM-7800f, Jeol, Tokyo, Japan), gas chromatography (GC-2014, SHIMADZU, Kyoto, Japan).
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Probes
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4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride n-hydrate (DMT-MM), pinacol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, β-CyD, γ-CyD, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol, lithium aluminum hydride, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium azide, dimethylformamide (DMF), ammonia solution, sodium hydrogen carbonate, benzene, fructose, glucose, and galactose were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
(Osaka, Japan). 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid, triethylamine, methanesulfonyl chloride, triphenylphosphine, and oxalyl chloride were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 1,4-Dioxane, chloroform, acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, and acetone were purchased from Kanto Chemical, Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). methanol-d4, chloroform-d, DMSO-d6, 1-pyreneacetic acid, and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Co., LLC (Tokyo, Japan). 1-Pyrenebutylamine was purchased from Toronto Chemical Research Inc. (Toronto, USA). All other organic solvents and reagents were commercially available with guaranteed grades and used without further purification. Water was doubly distilled and deionized by a Milli-Q water system (WG222, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan and Milli-Q Advantage, Merck Millipore, MA, USA) before use.
(Osaka, Japan). 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid, triethylamine, methanesulfonyl chloride, triphenylphosphine, and oxalyl chloride were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 1,4-Dioxane, chloroform, acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, and acetone were purchased from Kanto Chemical, Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). methanol-d4, chloroform-d, DMSO-d6, 1-pyreneacetic acid, and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Co., LLC (Tokyo, Japan). 1-Pyrenebutylamine was purchased from Toronto Chemical Research Inc. (Toronto, USA). All other organic solvents and reagents were commercially available with guaranteed grades and used without further purification. Water was doubly distilled and deionized by a Milli-Q water system (WG222, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan and Milli-Q Advantage, Merck Millipore, MA, USA) before use.
9
UV-based Degradation of Fulvic and Humic Acids
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All experimental solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water. Fulvic acid (FA) was purchased from IHSS. Two humic acids (HAs) differing in SUVA 254 were employed: one was from Sigma-Aldrich and the other from IHSS. Sodium persulfate was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Sulfuric acid (98%) was the product of Kanto Chemical and was used after dilution. Hydrogen peroxide was purchased from Kanto Chemical and sodium hydroxide was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries; we prepared a 0.1 mol/L solution of the latter. UV lamps radiating at 185 nm (QGL8W-31) and 254 nm (QGL8W-21) were purchased from Iwasaki Electric. Input energy are 8 W for both lamps. The raw water sample was collected from the in ow of a drinking water treatment plant located in a sub-tropical region of Japan.
10
Analytical-grade Reagents for Electrochemical Experiments
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All the chemicals were analytical grade and were used as received. Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Potassium ferricyanide was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Japan).
KH2PO4, Na2HPO4 and sulfuric acid were purchased from Kanto Chemical. We prepared 100 mM phosphate buffer, which contained 100 mM KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4. We prepared a fresh concentration of H2O2 with 0.2 to 28 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Ultrapure water was used in all the experiments.
KH2PO4, Na2HPO4 and sulfuric acid were purchased from Kanto Chemical. We prepared 100 mM phosphate buffer, which contained 100 mM KH2PO4 and Na2HPO4. We prepared a fresh concentration of H2O2 with 0.2 to 28 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Ultrapure water was used in all the experiments.
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