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44 protocols using foxp3 pe

1

Evaluating Immune Cell Phenotypes

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Cell surface and intracellular molecular expressions were evaluated by flow cytometry using CytoFLEX (Beckman Coulter, USA). Fluorescein-conjugated anti-mouse antibodies, including CD3-BV785/BV510/AF700, CD4-BV510/BV605, CD25-FITC, FOXP3-PE, IL-10-APC, TGF-β1-BV421 (Biolegend, UK), and anti-human antibodies, including CD3-BV510, CD4-BV650, CD25-APC, FOXP3-PE, IL-10-BV421, TGF-β1-PE/CY7 (Biolegend, UK), were used according to the manufacturer's procedures. For cell-surface staining, single-cell suspensions were stained on ice for 30min in PBS with 1% FBS. For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Fix/Perm kit (Biolegend, UK). To detect intracellular cytokines, cells were stimulated for 4 h with Cell Activation Cocktail (with Brefeldin A) (Biolegend, UK). Thereafter, cells were harvested, stained for surface expression, and then fixed and permeabilized for intracellular staining. Flow cytometry data were analyzed using FlowJo software (BD, UK).
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2

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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The heparinised whole blood was withdrawn from the mouse orbital sinus. Red blood cells were isolated with Easy Lyse Solution (10 ​mL; Leinco Technologies, USA), and then stained with Foxp3-PE, CD4-FITC, IL17A-APC, IFN-γ-Pacific Blue, IL4-PE, CD3-FITC and CD8-Pacific Blue (BioLegend, CA, USA). For graft analysis, the graft samples were homogenised and digested with collagenase (0.125%; Sigma, Missouri, USA) in a shaking water bath at 37 ​°C for 30 ​min. After centrifugation (800×g, 3 ​min) and resuspension, the cells were stained with the following monoclonal antibodies: CD11b-Pacific Blue, CD11c-PE/Cy7, Foxp3-PE, F4/80-PE, CD206-FITC CD4-FITC, IL17A-APC, IFN-γ-Pacific Blue, IL4-PE, CD3-FITC, and CD8-Pacific Blue (BioLegend, CA, USA). An irrelevant control monoclonal antibody was included for each fluorochrome. Finally, the cells were analysed using a BD LSR-II flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, CA, USA). Cell Quest software (Becton Dickinson, CA, USA) was employed for data acquisition and analysis. A gate was set to exclude 99.9% of the isotype control-labelled cells.
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3

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Panel

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Abs against following antigens: CD3-FITC, CD3-APC, CD25-FITC, CD4-PE, CD4-PECy7, CD8-PE, B220-PE, NK-1.1-PE, CD69-APC, FOXP3-PE, IFN-γ-APC, Isotype-matched control Ab, Annexin V-FITC, 7AAD, Purified anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). The murine recombinant cytokines (IL-2, IL-12) were from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ).
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4

Multi-Color Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping

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Antibody combination panels for four or five color immune-staining were as follows:

CD3PerCP, CD4 FITC, CD25APC, and rat Foxp3PE (all from eBioscience, San Diego, CA).

CD4 PercpCy5.5, HLA-DR APC, CD127 Pac Blue and rat Foxp3 PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA).

CD4 PercpCy5.5, CCR5 FITC, CXCR4 APC (Biolegend, San Diego, CA) and Foxp3 PE.

CD4 PercpCy5.5, HIV-1 p24 FITC (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA), Bcl-2 PE (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) and Foxp3 e-fluor660 (eBioscience).

CD4 PercpCy5.5, CD127 Pac Blue, Foxp3 PE, HIV-1 p24 FITC and IFN-γ Alexa Fluor 647 (Biolegend).

Isotype antibodies used included: IgG2a APC, IgG1 Pac Blue, rat IgG2a PE, IgG2a FITC, rat IgG2a AP, IgG1 FITC, IgG1 PE, IgG2a e-fluor660, and IgG1 Alexa Fluor 647.
The protocol and buffer set from eBioscience were used for all experiments involving intracellular staining. All samples were fixed and acquired within 1h of completion of staining, and analysis was by Miltenyi MACSQuant Flow cytometer.
Data were analyzed by FlowJo software (Treestar Inc, Ashland, OR) at the completion of study.
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5

Comprehensive Lung Cell Immunophenotyping

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Isolation of lung cells for flow cytometry was performed using a previously described protocol (19 (link)). Cells were stained with the following antibodies: CD4 - FITC, CD25 – APC, MHC-II - biotin (e-Bioscience), CD45 - APC-Cy7, FoxP3 - PE, CD19 - PerCP-Cy5.5, CD11c - Brilliant Violet 605, Siglec-F - Brilliant Violet 421, CD49b - Brilliant Violet 421, CD206 - APC (Biolegend), CD3 - PE-Cy7, CD8 - Alexa Fluor 700, IFNγ – APC (BD Bioscience), CCR3 – APC (R&D), CD68 – FITC (AbD Serotec) and F4/80 - PE (Life Technologies). Dead cells were excluded using Live/Dead Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain kit (Life Technologies). For determining production of IFNγ, lung cells were stimulated with PMA (1ng/ml) and ionomycin (1uM) for 6 hours in the presence of Golgi-stop (BD Biosciences) at 37°C, 5% CO2. After staining for surface markers, cells were permeabolized and processed for intracellular staining using anti-IFNγ or anti-IL-4 antibodies. Flow cytometry was performed using BD LSR II flow cytometer (BD Bioscience) and data were analyzed with FlowJo software (TreeStar).
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6

Antibody Acquisition for Immune Profiling

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Antibodies to phosphoAkt, phosphoSrc, phosphoSTAT3, and β-catenin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies to MART1, MelanA, CD8, and actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies to CD4, CD11b, CD25, NK1.1, IFN-γ and Ad5 were purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Antibody to CD11b+c was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Antibodies to CD3-FITC, CD4-PE/Cy7, CD25-APC, and CD11c were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies to CD122-PE/Cy7, CD8a-APC, FoxP3-PE, and NK1.1-APC were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).
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7

Phenotypic Analysis of Murine Regulatory T Cells

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Half a million splenocytes were stained in each FACS tube. First, cells were washed with staining buffer (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA), and centrifuged at 800 g for 5 min at 4 °C. They were then stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies after blocking of Fc receptors (CD16/32, Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA) for 5 minutes. The following antibodies were used: FoxP3-PE, CD3-PE/Cy7, CD25-APC, CD4-PB, CD8a-FITC and CD3-PE-Cy7, all from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA). The cells were stained 30 min on ice in the dark with antibodies binding extracellular targets. Cells were then washed to remove unbound antibodies, incubated with Fixation/Permeabilization buffers (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) for 30 min on ice and blocked with CD16/32 prior incubation with anti-FoxP3 for 30 min. Cells were resuspended in PBS buffer containing 1% BSA and 0.5 mM EDTA. Cells were run on Gallios flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, High Wycombe, UK) and analyzed with FlowJo software V.10 (Tree Star, Inc. Ashland, OR, USA).
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8

Regulatory T Cell Analysis in Lymph Nodes

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Pancreatic draining lymph nodes and inguinal lymph nodes were collected from BM-DC treated mice 2 weeks following termination of treatment. Lymph node cells were stained with CD4-PerCP (BD Biosciences), permeabilized and fixed (eBioscience, San Diego, CA) and then stained with FoxP3-PE (BioLegend). CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs were examined by flow cytometry (BD Bioscience LSRFortessa).
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9

Analyzing Human Regulatory T Cells

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 20 to 25 ml of peripheral blood samples via Ficoll density gradient centrifugation (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden). According to the recommendation of the international working group of the experts in flow cytometry [7 (link)], CD3, CD4, CD25, CD127, and FoxP3 markers were used to analyze human Treg cells using a gating strategy illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1. Specifically, CD3-FITC, CD45-PerCP, CD127-APC (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), CD4-Alexa Fluor® 700, (EXBIO a.s., Prague, Czech Republic), Foxp3-PE, and CD25-Brilliant Violet (BioLegend, San Diego, USA) antibodies (Abs) were used. For intracellular staining, we used Foxp3-Fix/Perm and Foxp3-PErm Buffers (BioLegend, San Diego, USA). The flow cytometric data were collected on a LSR II flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and analyzed using Summit 4.3 software (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark).
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10

Comprehensive Treg Phenotyping by Flow Cytometry

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Antibodies used for flow cytometry were as follows: CD4-Pacific Blue, CD25-PE, CD25-APC, CD127-FITC, Foxp3-PE, CD38-PE-Cy7, AnnexinV-PE, PD1-APC, CD8-FITC, CTLA4-PE-Cy7, CD44-FITC, CD62L-FITC, ICOS-FITC, GITR-PE, OX40-FITC, CD138-FITC, PD-L1-PE, and their isotype-matched mAbs (all from Biolegend). Intracellular staining of Foxp3, CTLA4, GITR, and OX40 were performed after fixation and permeabilization using cytofix/cytoperm kit (BD Biosciences), according to manufacturer’s protocol. Tregs were gated as CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ cells in CD4+ population and then sequential markers were assayed on Tregs, whereas CD4+CD25− cells were identified as Tcons. The remaining CD4+CD25low/intermediate subset was excluded in the current study because of their limited immunosuppressive activity compared with CD25high population (34 (link)). To avoid the effect of permeabilization when apoptosis assay was performed, CD4+CD25highCD127low/− cells were identified as Tregs (35 (link)). All flow cytometry was performed by BD FACS CantoII, and analyzed on FlowJo software version 10 (Treestar).
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