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13 protocols using cytosnp 850k beadchip

1

Genome-wide SNP Genotyping Using CytoSNP 850K

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SNP genotyping was performed using the CytoSNP 850K BeadChip (Illumina) which contains 850,000 SNP probes covering the whole-genome, with enriched coverage for 3,262 well-known genes of constitutional and cancer diseases (The International Collaboration for Clinical Genomics; http://www.iccg.org/). Labeling, hybridization, and washing procedures followed the manufacturer’s instructions. Microarray slides were scanned using the iScan System (Illumina), and the gtc files were loaded on the BlueFuse Multi Software v3.2 (BlueGnome) to evaluate experimental quality and to SNP calling.
The SNP and copy number data from BR6_P21 (file name 9993049081_R07C01.gtc) and BR6_P4 (file name 9993049081_R08C01.gtc) can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/DYGXPG. Files can be read in the Bluefuse program, freely available from Illumina.
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2

Genome-wide SNP Genotyping Assay

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Briefly, 200 ng of genomic DNA from peripheral blood were used to conduct a genome‐wide scan of 850,000 SNPs, using the Illumina CytoSNP‐850k BeadChip following the manufacturer's specifications (Illumina). GenCall scores <0.15 at any locus were considered “no calls”. Hybridization results were analyzed using Genome Studio software (Illumina). Homozygous regions were identified by evaluating allele frequency for all SNPs. Genomic positions were based on NCBI Build 37 (dbSNP version 130).
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3

Comprehensive Profiling of Pluripotent Cells

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mRNA-Seq libraries were prepared with the Illumina TruSeq kit RNA V2. Single-end libraries were sequenced at a depth of between 10 and 30 million 50-nt reads on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. A small number (n = 3) of ESC and iPSC were also sequenced at a depth of ∼50 million paired-end, stranded reads, for comparison. miRNA libraries were prepared with the Illumina TruSeq Small RNA kit and sequenced to 1–4 million reads. Methylation was assessed with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip with annotations provided by ENCODE (Encode Project Consortium, 2012 (link)). Two different assays were used for CNV analysis. 21 cell lines were assayed with the Illumina CytoSNP-850K BeadChip, and 29 cell lines with the Illumina HD HumanOMNI-Quad BeadChip platform. Thirty-seven lines were assayed using a TaqMan Low Density Array (Life Technologies, 4385344) containing a panel of stem cell and pluripotency marker genes (syn3107327).
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4

Identifying Tumor-Driving Chromosomal Aberrations

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For neuroblastoma tumors, chromosomal regions with aberrations in copy numbers were identified through SNP array. SNP array copy number profiling and analysis of regions of homozygosity were performed according to standard procedures using the CytoSNP-850 K BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Visualizations of SNP array results and data analysis were performed using NxClinical software (BioDiscovery, Los Angeles, CA), using Human genome build February 2009 GRCh37/hg1. Chromosomal aberrations that are known to be tumor driving or associated with high- risk disease were preferentially selected for TLA/TLC breakpoint identification (e.g. chromosome 1p, 1q, 2p (including MYCN locus), 3p, 11q, 17q) (4 (link)). The fusion partners of FOXO1 in the fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas were validated through RT-qPCR on tumor organoid models (tumoroids) grown from primary tumor material, as described previously (28 (link)). In the Ewing sarcoma sample, the fusion between EWSR1 and FLI1 was validated through RT-qPCR on the tumoroid with primers located on EWSR1 exon 8 (AGGAGAGAACCGGAGCATGA) and FLI1 exon 5 (CCCTGAGGTAACTGAGGTGTG).
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5

Genome-wide Genotyping for CNV Analysis

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Extracted DNAs were quantified using PicoGreen (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, CA). A genome‐wide scan of 850,00 tag SNPs was conducted on the proband, using the Illumina CytoSNP‐850k BeadChip according to the manufacturer's specifications (Illumina, San Diego, CA). GenCall scores < 0.15 at any locus were considered "no calls." Image data were analyzed using the Chromosome Viewer tool contained in Genome Studio (Illumina, San Diego, CA). The metric used was the log R ratio which is the log (base 2) ratio of the observed normalized R value for a SNP divided by the expected normalized R value (under manufacturer`s specifications). In addition, an allele frequency analysis was applied for all SNPs. All genomic positions were based upon NCBI Build 37 (dbSNP version 130).
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6

Genome-wide SNP Array Analysis

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DNA was quantified using PicoGreen (Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, USA). A genomewide scan of 850,000 tag SNPs was conducted at the Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) using Illumina CytoSNP-850k BeadChip according to the manufacturer’s specifications (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). GenCall scores < 0.15 at any locus were considered “no-calls”. Image data were analyzed using the Chromosome Viewer tool contained in Genome Studio (Illumina, San Diego CA, USA). The metric that we employed was the logR ratio, which is the log (base 2) ratio of the observed normalized R value for an SNP divided by the expected normalized R value (under the manufacturer’s specifications). In addition, allele-frequency analysis was applied to all SNPs, and genomic positions were based on GRCh37. We determined the size of the deletion and, in cases in which deletion was associated with duplication, the size of the duplication.
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7

Genome-wide SNP analysis of III4

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We conducted a genome-wide scan of 850,000 tag SNPs on III4 using Illumina CytoSNP-850k
BeadChip. We quantified the DNA using PicoGreen [Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, United States], and processed and hybridized the DNA to the chip according to manufacturer's specifications [Illumina, San Diego, United States]. Chip Image was processed and analyzed using the Chromosome Viewer tool in Genome Studio [Illumina, San Diego, United States]. Genotyping was estimated using the log 2 R where R is the ratio of the observed normalized R-value for a SNP divided by the expected normalized R-value. GenCall scores <0.15 at any locus were considered as "no-calls". In addition, allele frequency was calculated for all SNPs. Genomic positions correspond to the Reference Genome GRCh37.
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8

Array-CGH for Genomic Variant Detection

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Array-CGH was performed using a custom oligonucleotide array (KaryoArray® v3.0, 8 × 60K, Agilent-Based Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) [24 (link)]. Briefly, this array has an average density of one probe per 9 Kb in clinically relevant regions (microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, subtelomeric, and pericentromeric regions) and one probe per 175 Kb in other genomic regions. In some cases, a genome-wide scan of high density 850,000 tag SNParrays was conducted on probands, using the commercial design Illumina CytoSNP-850k BeadChip according to the manufacturer’s specifications (Illumina, San Diego, CA).
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9

Genome-wide Array-based Copy Number Analysis

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Isolated genomic DNA was quantified, amplified, fragmented, and hybridized to the Illumina CytoSNP850K bead chip that contains 850,000 different locus-specific 50-mer probes with at least 15x redundancies. The 850,000 probes have an average probe spacing of 1.8-kilobases (kb) across the whole genome (backbone coverage) and increased probe spacing (1-kb) in targeted cytogenetically relevant genes. The minimal resolution of a CNV is 36 kb across the genome and 20 kb in targeted regions. Fluorescence type and intensity of each probe were analyzed by Illumina’s Genome Studio and BlueFuse software. Data analysis was performed using BlueFuse v4.4 and the GRCh37/hg19 human genome assembly from February 2009. Other databases include the following: UCSC Genome Browser (http://genome.ucsc.edu/), ClinGen (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/dbvar/clingen/), Database of Genomic Variants (http://dgv.tcag.ca/dgv/app/home), and DECIPHER (https://decipher.sanger.ac.uk/). Copy number variant classification follows ACMG guidelines85 (link).
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10

Genetic Variant Identification in Rare Diseases

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The phenotype of each patient was evaluated by a clinical geneticist in each collaborating center. Patients 1 to 3, 17, and 20 to 22 were diagnosed by singleton ES with familial segregation analysis by Sanger sequencing, except for patient 17 for whom parental samples were unavailable. Patients 4 to 14, 16, 18, and 19 were diagnosed using trio ES. Next-generation sequencing was performed at each local center, using the following platforms: HiSeq for patients 1 to 3, 5 to 9, 12, 17, 20, and 21 ; NextSeq for patients 13 and 14; and NovaSeq for patients 11, 15, (link)17 to 19, and 22 (Illumina) . SOLiD system sequencing (Life Technologies) was used for patient 10. The deletions of patients 15 and 22 were discovered by single-nucleotide variant (formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms)-array analysis using a CytoSNP-850K BeadChip (Illumina). Details of the sequencing method, kits, and tools used by each center are described in the Supplemental material and method. Variant interpretation and classification was done adhering to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines. All single-nucleotide variants and indel nomenclature were verified in VariantValidator and submitted in ClinVar (see Web Resources) with the following accession numbers: SCV002016268.1, SCV002016269.1, then SCV002055998 to SCV002056014.
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