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4 protocols using pifithrin α pft α

1

Actinomycin-Induced Lung Cancer Apoptosis

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Actinomycin V (>98%) and actinomycin D (>98%) were dissolved and their concentration adjusted by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) when required while the control group was treated with DMSO only. MTT and DAPI were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Crop. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit was obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Phosphor-Cdc2, Cdc2, Cdc25A, Cyclin B1, p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 were supplied by Cell Signaling Technology (CST, Inc, Beverly, MA, USA). Bcl-2, Bax and GAPDH antibodies were supplied by Abcam, Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). Propidium iodide and Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). RNeasy mini kit and Rever Tra Ace qPCR RT kit were purchased from QIAGEN (Hilden, Germany) and Toyobo (Osaka Prefecture, Japan), respectively.
Human non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell lines A549, NCI-H1299 (p53-deficient) and normal human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B were obtained from the Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) and we cultured the cells according to the supplier’s instructions.
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Mitochondrial Regulation in p53 Inhibition

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The p53 inhibitor Pifithrin‐α (PFT‐α) was obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology and was dissolved in DMSO. Mdivi1, a compound that inhibits mitochondrial fission, was obtained from MedChemExpress. It was then added to the cell medium at a concentration of 10 μM for 12 h. The mitochondrial antioxidant Mitoquinone (MitoQ) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China) and dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 50 nM. Necrostatin‐1 was acquired from MedChemExpress and dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 40 μM. Anti‐DRP1 (8570), Anti‐OPA1 (80471), Anti‐MFN1 (14739), Anti‐BAX (5023), Anti‐BCL2 (15071) and Anti‐GAPDH (5174) were provided by Cell Signaling Technology. Anti‐p53 (sc‐126) was supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. Anti‐rabbit IgG (HRP‐conjugated) (ab6721) and anti‐mouse IgG (HRP‐conjugated) (ab6789) were obtained from Abcam.
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Inhibition of p53 in H9c2 Cells

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For inhibition of p53 in response to H2, H9c2 cells were treated with Pifithrin-α (PFTα, S1816, Beyotime, China), which was a p53 inhibitor that dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Chu et al. (2006) (link) have reported that expression of p53 in H9c2 cells was inhibited after the cells were treated with 20 μM PFTα and doxorubicin for 8 h. However, we observed that after treatment with 20 μM PFTα and 10 μM VK3, H9c2 cells all died 2 days later. Therefore, the final concentration of PFTα was 10 μM in the DMEM in this study. DMSO as a control was given the same volume to PFTα to H9c2 cells. After 16 h, the culture medium was changed to DMEM with 1% FBS, 1% penicillin–streptomycin and 10 μM PFTα and then the treatments of VK3 and H2 were continued.
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4

Realgar-Based Anticancer Protocol

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Highly purified realgar supplied by the Sanmenxia Yuhuangshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd was prepared from mined natural realgar. The purity of As4S4 in the realgar preparation was greater than 95.0%, confirmed by repeated X‐ray powder diffraction analyses. Realgar was dissolved in Dulbecco's phosphate‐buffered saline (DPBS) (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and sterilized by filtration. The content of As in DPBS solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry at the Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Shanghai, People's Republic of China). As4S4 stock solution of 766.36 μM was stored at 4°C. DDP was supplied by Qilu Pharmaceutical. Anti‐p53 (cat: 21891‐1‐AP), anti‐PD‐L1 (cat: 17952‐1‐AP), and anti‐GAPDH (cat: 10494‐1‐AP) antibodies were purchased from Proteintech. Pifithrin‐α (PFT‐α) (cat: S1816‐25 mg), methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium (MTT) (cat: ST316), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) (cat: P5664‐100 ug) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) powder (cat: ST626) were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology. MTT powder was dissolved in DPBS at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. SDS powder was dissolved in water at aconcentration of 10%.
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