Immunocompromised nude nu/nu mice were obtained from Jackson Labs and maintained in a barrier facility on high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered racks. Mice were maintained on an autoclaved laboratory rodent diet (Teckland LM-485; Western Research Products) and kept on a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. All surgical procedures and intravital imaging were performed with the animals anesthetized by intramuscular injection of an anesthetic cocktail composed of ketamine 100 mg/kg (MWI Animal Health), xylazine 10 mg/kg (VWR), and acepromazine 3 mg/kg (Sigma). Animal procedures were performed under VA-approved animal protocol A17-020. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures outlined in the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Animals.
Acepromazine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Acepromazine is a phenothiazine derivative that is used as a tranquilizer and sedative in veterinary medicine. It is a centrally acting depressant that can be used to calm and sedate animals prior to procedures or transportation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Xylazine, by Avantor (4 mentions)
Ketamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Xylazine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nude nu nu mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions)
Chlorpromazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Haloperidol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Spiperone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluphenazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pimozide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clozapine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Reserpine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trifluoperazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ondansetron, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluspirilene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Flupenthixol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thioridazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Loxapine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amoxapine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Prochlorperazine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ketamine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 protocols using acepromazine
1
Intravital Imaging of Immunocompromised Mice
2
Intravital Imaging of Tumors in Nude Mice
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Immunocompromised nude nu/nu mice were maintained in a barrier facility on high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered racks at AntiCancer Inc. Mice were maintained ad lib on an autoclaved laboratory rodent diet (Teckland LM-485; Western Research Products, Orange, CA, USA) and kept on a 12 hour light/ 12 hour dark cycle. All surgical procedures and intravital imaging were performed with the animals anesthetized by intramuscular injection of an anesthetic cocktail composed of ketamine 100 mg/kg (MWI Animal Health, Boise, ID, USA), xylazine 10 mg/kg (VWR, Brisbane, CA, USA), and acepromazine 3 mg/kg (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA). Tumor bearing mice were monitored twice a week. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures outlined in the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Animals under PHS Assurance Number A3873-1.
3
Comprehensive Pharmacological Library Acquisition
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Acepromazine (A7111), Amoxapine (A129), Clozapine (C6305), Flupenthixol (F114), Fluspirilene (F100), Haloperidol (H1512), Loxapine (L106), Molindone (M1818), Ondansetron (O3639), Pimozide (P1793), Reserpine (R0875), Spiperone (S7395), Triflupromazine (T2896), Prochlorperazine (P9178), Trifluoperazine (T8516), Thioridazine (T9025), TMZ (T2577), Chlorpromazine (C8138) and Fluphenazine (F4765) were purchased from Sigma. Perphenazine (125), Thiostrepton (522), Thioguanosine (347), Parthenolide (550) and Bepridil (368) were purchased from Prestwick. Promazine (46674) and Promethazine (46682) were purchased from Fluka.
4
TNBS-Induced Colonic Inflammation in Rats
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A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly allocated equally into two groups: the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-treated group (n=12) and the control group (n=12). After an overnight fast, anesthesia was induced via intraperitoneal injection of acepromazine (0.6 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) and ketamine (120 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich), respectively. For the TNBS-treated group, colonic inflammation was induced by the intracolonic injection of 14–16 mg/rat TNBS (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in 25% ethanol at 6 cm proximal to the anus through a 24-gauge catheter. The control group received the same volume of vehicle (normal saline) injected in the same manner. Then, the rats were kept in a position with heads low and tails high for several minutes to avoid leakage of the instilled intracolonic solutions. After the model was established, the rats were put back into the humidity chamber. They were observed daily; feces characteristics, eating situation, and mental state were recorded along with the weight. Six weeks after TNBS administration, the visceral hypersensitivity of rats was measured by the electromyographic (EMG) recording.
5
Rabbit Liver Tumor Implantation Protocol
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A total of 30 New Zealand White rabbits (mean weight, 2.1 ± 0.1 kg; 14–15 weeks; females) were purchased from the Animal Experimental Center of Chongqing Medical University. The animals were housed at 20°C, a 12 h light/dark cycle, 60–70% humidity and had free access to food and water. Prior to tumor implantation, animals were sedated with an intramuscularly injection of 35 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride (Sigma), 5 mg/kg xylazine chloride (Sigma, U.S.A.) and 0.75 mg/kg acepromazine (Sigma). The left lobe of the liver was exposed through a midline abdominal incision and minced pieces of harvested VX2 carcinoma tissue (∼1.0 mm3) were locally implanted. Penicillin was administered to rabbits by intramuscular injection for 3 days after the operation (10000 U/kg body weight per day). Tumors were incubated after 2 weeks following tumor implantation. The present study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Chongqing Medical University.
6
Intravital Imaging of Nude Mice
7
Mecobalamin Treatment for Sciatic Nerve Crush
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Sixty adult male ICR mice, weighing 22–25 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Soochow University (Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China). All experimental procedures involving animals were carried out in accordance with the US National Institute of Health (NIH) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Administration Committee of Experimental Animals, Jiangsu Province, China.
All animals were deeply anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a cocktail of xylazine (10 mg/kg), ketamine (95 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.7 mg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). A10 mm long incision was made in the left hindlimb to expose the sciatic nerve, and 2 mm of nerve was crushed by clamping for 30 seconds with smooth-jaw forceps. The distal end of the crush site was marked with a 9-0 nylon suture. After the surgical incisions were closed, the animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 per group), to receive daily intraperitoneal injections of 65 μg/kg (low-dose) mecobalamin (Eisai, Tokyo, Japan), 130 μg/kg (high-dose) mecobalamin, or equivalent volumes of saline. The treatment lasted for 21 days.
All animals were deeply anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a cocktail of xylazine (10 mg/kg), ketamine (95 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.7 mg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). A10 mm long incision was made in the left hindlimb to expose the sciatic nerve, and 2 mm of nerve was crushed by clamping for 30 seconds with smooth-jaw forceps. The distal end of the crush site was marked with a 9-0 nylon suture. After the surgical incisions were closed, the animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20 per group), to receive daily intraperitoneal injections of 65 μg/kg (low-dose) mecobalamin (Eisai, Tokyo, Japan), 130 μg/kg (high-dose) mecobalamin, or equivalent volumes of saline. The treatment lasted for 21 days.
8
Xenograft Tumor Model in SCID Mice
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Five to six-week-old CB-17 severely combined immunodeficiency (SCID) male mice obtained from Charles River Inc. (Wilmington, MA, USA) were used for this study. A total volume of 5 × 106 PC3 cell suspension was injected subcutaneously into the lower right hind leg of each animal. Tumours were grown for approximately 2–3 weeks to reach a maximum diameter of 7–10 mm prior to experiments.
Mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection with a mixture of ketamine (100 mg/kg body weight), xylazine (5 mg/kg body weight), and acepromazine (1 mg/kg body weight) (Sigma, Burlington, ON, Canada), and 2% oxygen ventilated isoflurane. To ensure optimal body temperature of the mice, both heating lamps and heating pads were utilized during experiments to keep the mice warm. All animals were closely monitored for irregular breathing, and oxygen was administered to animals appearing to be in distress.
Mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection with a mixture of ketamine (100 mg/kg body weight), xylazine (5 mg/kg body weight), and acepromazine (1 mg/kg body weight) (Sigma, Burlington, ON, Canada), and 2% oxygen ventilated isoflurane. To ensure optimal body temperature of the mice, both heating lamps and heating pads were utilized during experiments to keep the mice warm. All animals were closely monitored for irregular breathing, and oxygen was administered to animals appearing to be in distress.
9
Intravital Imaging of Immunocompromised Mice
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Immunocompromised nude nu/fox mice were maintained in a barrier facility on high-efficiency particulate ai-filtered racks at AntiCancer Inc. Mice were maintained ad lib on an autoclaved laboratory rodent diet (Teckland LM-485; Western Research Products, Orange, California) and kept on a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. All surgical procedures and intravital imaging were performed with the animals anesthetized by intramuscular injection of an anesthetic cocktail composed of ketamine (MWI Animal Health, Boise, Idaho), xylazine (VWR, Brisbane, California), and acepromazine (Sigma, Saint Louis, Missouri). All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the principles and procedures outlined in the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Animals under PHS Assurance Number A3873-1.
10
Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolation and Culture
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The research was fully experimental with a posttest-only control group design. Sample groups were selected using simple random number sampling. The subjects consisted of male Wistar rats (Rattus novegicus; n = 4), obtained from the Stem Cell Animal Laboratory, Universitas Airlangga, which were adapted to the environment over 7 days.
GMSCs were isolated from the lower gingival tissue of 41-month old, healthy, male rats with a mean weight of 250 g using a gingivectomy. The research subjects were subsequently euthanized with 60 mg/body weight doses of ketamine and xylazine. Their suffering had been reduced when removing the GMSCs due to the administrating of anesthesia (intramuscular injection at 0.05–0.1 ml/10 g body weight rodent anesthesia: ketamine, xylazine, acepromazine, and sterile isotonic saline; Sigma Aldrich, USA).
GMSCs were passaged every 4–5 days in accordance with Rantam et al.'s MSCs culture method. GMSCs in passage 3–5 were cultured in five M24 plates (Sigma-Aldrich) (N = 108; n = 6/group) until day 7, 14, and 21 in three different culture media (control negative group, control positive group, and treatment group). Sample size (n = 4 for GMSCs isolation; n = 36 for PRF isolation) was based on Lemeshow's formula to determine minimum sample size.
GMSCs were isolated from the lower gingival tissue of 41-month old, healthy, male rats with a mean weight of 250 g using a gingivectomy. The research subjects were subsequently euthanized with 60 mg/body weight doses of ketamine and xylazine. Their suffering had been reduced when removing the GMSCs due to the administrating of anesthesia (intramuscular injection at 0.05–0.1 ml/10 g body weight rodent anesthesia: ketamine, xylazine, acepromazine, and sterile isotonic saline; Sigma Aldrich, USA).
GMSCs were passaged every 4–5 days in accordance with Rantam et al.'s MSCs culture method. GMSCs in passage 3–5 were cultured in five M24 plates (Sigma-Aldrich) (N = 108; n = 6/group) until day 7, 14, and 21 in three different culture media (control negative group, control positive group, and treatment group). Sample size (n = 4 for GMSCs isolation; n = 36 for PRF isolation) was based on Lemeshow's formula to determine minimum sample size.
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