Plasma and serum samples were analyzed immediately for plasma glucose by glucose oxidase peroxidase (GOD-POD) method (Pathozyme Diagnostics, Kolhapur, India) on Synchron Unicel DxC 600 auto analyzer, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) by ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (Bio-Rad Laboratories India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon) and vitamin D measured as 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol by chemiluminescence method (Beckman system pack, Ireland Inc., Lismeehan, Ireland) on Access 2 auto analyzer, Beckman Coulter, USA. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured by spectrophotometric methods
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on a UV Spectrophotometer (Llantrisant CF728YW, United Kingdom), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (Beckman system pack, USA) on Synchron Unicel DxC 600 auto analyzer, Beckman Coulter, USA, plasma fibrinogen by immunoturbidimetry method (Tulip-Quantia, Goa) on Awareness Technology Chemwell Automated EIA and Chemistry analyzer, USA, serum OxLDL, IL-6, and PAI-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) (Genxbio, Gurgaon, India) on ELISA reader (Transasia Bio-Medicals Ltd., Mumbai, India) and ELISA Washer (ERBA Diagnostics Mannheim, Germany). Taking into consideration the analyte stability, serum OxLDL was analyzed within 3 months of blood collection.