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Tensile tester

Manufactured by Instron
Sourced in United States

The Tensile Tester is a laboratory instrument used to measure the tensile properties of materials. It applies a controlled load or force to a test specimen and records the resulting deformation or elongation, providing data on the material's strength, stiffness, and other mechanical characteristics.

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26 protocols using tensile tester

1

Tensile Testing of Fibre Specimens

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Tensile tests of the fibre specimens were measured using an Instron Tensile Tester fitted with a 5.00 N load cell. All tests were conducted at a fixed gauge length of 20.00 mm and at a controlled extension rate of 1.5 mm/min. The instrument was programmed to apply a pre-load of 0.10 cN before recording load-extension data. Tensile test measurements were repeated 5 times for each sample. The tensile stress of the fibres was calculated from dividing the load by the fibre cross section area, units in MPa. The cross sectional area was determine by means of an optical microscope. The Young’s modulus was obtained from measuring the gradient of the elastic region of the stress–strain curve, units in GPa. All samples were conditioned at 20 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 2% RH for 24 h prior to testing.
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2

Characterization of Hydrogel Biomaterial

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Chemical composition of the hydrogel was determined by 1H-NMR using CDCl3 as the solvent. The hydrogel solution (20%) was prepared by dissolving the polymer in Dulbecco’s modified phosphate buffer saline (DPBS) at 4°C. Gelation temperature of the hydrogel solution was measured by DSC (TA instrument) over a temperature range of 0–60°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min. The endothermal peak was recorded as the gelation temperature.34 (link) The hydrogel solution injectability was determined by injecting the 4°C solution through a 26-gauge needle.35 (link) The solid hydrogel was obtained by incubating the hydrogel solution at 37°C. Hydrogel mechanical properties were tested by an Instron tensile tester equipped with a 37°C water bath. An elongation speed of 50 mm/min was used.36 (link) Hydrogel degradation was conducted in DPBS at 37°C for 8 weeks following our previously described method.35 (link) Weight loss was then determined.
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3

Morphology and Mechanical Analysis of Porous HDPE Scaffolds

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The surface morphology of the porous HDPE, HDPE/PEAA, and HDPE/PEAA/Col scaffolds was observed under a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM S4300; Hitachi, Japan) after sputter-coating with platinum. The chemical bonds and elemental composition were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR; Mattson, Galaxy 7020A) spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA; ESCA LAB VIG microtech, Mt 500/1, and so forth, East Grinstead, UK), respectively.
Tensile properties were measured via a universal testing machine (Instron, model 4465) with a Zwick Roell tensile tester equipped with a 1 kgf load cell, at 25 °C with an extension speed of 10 mm/min. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus measure of each sample were calculated from the averages of 10 specimens.
The porosity of the porous scaffolds was determined by using a mercury intrusion porosimeter (AutoPore IV 9520; Micromeritics Co., USA). The advancing and retreating contact angles of mercury were taken to be 140° and the surface tension was taken as 0.480 N/m (480 dynes/cm).
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4

Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Testing of Ramie Root Reinforced Polyester Composites

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To determine the tensile properties of the composites, an Instron tensile tester was used. The tensile characteristics of the composites were tested using the ASTM: D 638 standard at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min23 (link). The flexural strength of the specimens was tested in accordance with ASTM D790-03 using a Kalpak Universal Testing Machine with a 20kN capacity and a crosshead speed of 2 mm per minute. For the impact test in this instance, specimens of the composite were cut out in line with ASTM: D25624 (link)–26 (link). For each test, three samples were examined, and the average outcomes were noted. The tensile, flexural, and impact. specimens are shown in Fig. 3.

(a) Tensile (b) Flexural and (c) Impact specimen for powdered ramie root reinforced polyester composite.

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5

Tensile Testing of TN Substrates and Tissue Constructs

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A tensile tester (Instron, USA) was used on TN substrates and fresh explanted tissue constructs. Two hard paper window frames with window dimensions of 5 mm × 4 mm were used to hold a sample and prevent any damage before its testing [21 (link), 24 ]. A rectangular (9 mm × 3 mm) tissue sample was cut from its original tissue construct, sandwiched between two window frames and glued (Loctite super glue) to prepare a tensile test sample. Tensile tests on TN substrates and test tissue constructs were performed in their circumferential directions only. Tensile tests on CCs were performed in any direction. In the testing machine, tensile samples were loaded at a rate of 0.1 mm/second and their tensile data (load vs displacement) were recoded for further analysis. The thickness of the samples was measured with a gauge (Mitutoyo, Japan) to calculate areas of cross-sections, which were used to calculate the tensile stresses. Generated stress–strain data (n=7 for each type) was used to estimate average tensile modulus and ultimate strength (yield stress) of the samples and their standard deviations.
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6

Uniaxial Tensile Testing of ASTM d638 IV

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Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on ASTM d638 IV samples using an Instron Tensile Tester with 500 N load cell. The extension rate was set to 5 mm/min at room temperature and ambient conditions. Seven samples were tested for each species. Elastic modulus, strain to failure, and ultimate tensile strength were calculated.
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7

Tensile Strength of SNAP-Loaded E2As Films

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Control and SNAP-loaded E2As films (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%) were cast in dumbbell-shaped Teflon molds with an active area length of 4.5 cm and width of 1 cm using similar concentrations described in film preparation section. Tensile testing was performed by clamping samples in place on the jaws of the Instron tensile tester. The polymer was pulled with a constant cross-head speed of 20 mm/min and the force at break (N) was recorded. Tensile testing was conducted at room temperature (23 °C).
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8

Tensile Properties of Dog Bones

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Dog bones
(n = 3; ASTM D638 scaled down by a factor of 4) were
cut with a gauge length of 6.25 mm and width of 1.5 mm and placed
into a tensile tester (Instron, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA) with
a 24 N load cell. A strain rate of 2 mm/min was applied to the samples
until failure. Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and maximum
strain at fracture were determined from the resulting stress/strain
curves.
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9

Characterizing Biopolymer Mechanical Properties

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Five specimens from each biopolymer (PBS and PBAT), biopolymer blends (PBS/PBAT), and hybrid composites reinforced with various loadings (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) of lignin and 1.5 wt.% ZnO nanoparticles were tested for mechanical properties after they were conditioned at room temperature (25 °C) for 48 h. The tensile test was carried out using an Instron tensile tester, in compliance with the standard ASTM D638, at room temperature (25 °C).
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10

Bursting Strength and Elongation of Scaffolds

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The ultimate bursting strength and elongation at break were evaluated according to the standard ISO 7198:2016, “Cardiovascular Implants and Extracorporeal Systems”. A compression cage assembly was mounted on an Instron tensile tester, and each specimen was placed between two horizontal clamping plates. A puncture probe measuring 6 mm in diameter with a smooth spherical end was used to burst the scaffold specimens held horizontally. The load-extension curves were obtained with a 2 kN load cell and traverse speed of 300 mm per minute. We calculated the bursting strength in kPa and the percent elongation at break using the geometry described in Figure 2.
According to the geometry, to calculate the linear elongation at break, the original length was considered to be 12 mm, which was the diameter of the open area where the specimen was held between the clamping plates. The extended length for each specimen was calculated from the Equation (2):
where r = 3 mm and x was the hypotenuse of the triangle ABC in Figure 2, where the vertical distance y was read from the displacement measured during the test.
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