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43 protocols using orius camera

1

Characterization and Functionalization of Indometacin-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers

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NLC were characterized in terms of particle size (size), polydispersity index (PDI), and surface charge (ZP) using a Zetasizer Pro (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK). Samples were diluted with Milli-Q ® water (1:10), placed in a specific cuvette (DTS 1070), and measured in triplicate using the parameters automatically selected by the software. All the measurements were performed at 25 °C ± 1 °C.
Additionally, the morphology of IND-NLC-SA nanoparticles functionalized with D-(+)-mannose at 1:2 SA: MAN ratio for 72 h (IND-NLC-SA-MAN) was evaluated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Colloidal dispersions were placed onto cooper grids coated with a carbon membrane and stained with 2% (w/v) phosphotungstic acid solution for 2 min, following a previously described procedure [26] (link). The observation was conducted using a JEOL microscope (JEM 2010, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a Gatan OriusTM camera (Gatan, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA).
Drug loading (DL) within the lipid network after purification (dialysis) of each formulation was calculated using Eq. 1, before and after storage. To determine actual drug content, samples were dissolved in acetonitrile and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm and 4 °C for 30 min. The supernatants were filtered through 0.45 μm and properly diluted in acetonitrile. IND quantification was performed spectrophotometrically at 322 nm.
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2

Morphological Characterization of LPHNPs

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized to examine the morphology and structure of LPHNPs. This analysis is also useful to validate the particle size previously determined via dynamic light scattering (DLS). 10 µl of each concentrated sample were deposited onto copper grids and coated with a carbon membrane. Subsequently, they were stained with a 1% (w/v) uranyl acetate solution for 2 min. Finally, the samples were examined at 120 kV using a JEOL microscope (JEM 2010, Japan) and images were captured with a Gatan Orius TM camera (USA).
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3

Nanoparticle Morphology by TEM

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The morphological characteristics of the nanoparticles were investigated by TEM analysis. The samples were stained with phosphotungstic acid at 2% (w/v) during 2 min, fixed on racks of copper covered by a membrane of carbon for observation, and then analyzed on a JEOL Microscopy (JEM 2010, Japan) at 120 kV and the images were acquired through a Gatan Orius TM camera.
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4

Ultrastructural analysis of Nopp140-/- tissues

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Routine fixation, LR White embedding, and thin sectioning of wild type and KO121 Nopp140-/- tissues were performed as described by He et al. [31 (link)]. We used a JEOL JEM-1400 TEM in the Shared Instrumentation Facility at Louisiana State University operating at 120 KV and its side-mounted Orius camera by Gatan. All images were batch-converted to TIFF files and prepared for publication using Adobe Photoshop.
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5

Organoid Protein Extraction and TEM Imaging

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Organoids were lysed following the same procedure for protein extraction, however, samples were initially spun at 20,000 × g for 20 minutes at 4 °C. Following the first centrifugation, supernatants were removed and kept on ice. The remaining cell pellets were resuspended in 5× weight/volume buffer (10 mm Tris-HCL pH7.5, 0.8 m NaCl, and 10% sucrose) [58 (link)] containing proteases inhibitor and spun at 20,000 × g for 20 minutes at 4 °C. An equal volume of supernatant 1 was added to the supernatant from the second centrifugation step. 1% N-lauroysarcosinate (weight/volume) was added and the samples were rocked at RT for 1 hour. The samples were ultra-centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 1 hour at 4 °C. The supernatant was decanted and the sarkosyl-insoluble pellet was resuspended in ice-cold PBS prior to imaging. The samples were deposited on to glow-discharged 400 mesh formvar/carbon film-coated copper grids, negatively stained with a 2% aqueous (w/v) uranyl acetate solution and then immediately analysed at 100 kV using a JEOL TEM1010 equipped with a Gatan Orius camera.
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6

Electron Microscopy Sample Preparation

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Brain slices were immersed and fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde and 2% sucrose in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3 and then post‐fixed in 1% OsO4/0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3 at 3°C for one and a half hours. Sections were then en bloc stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate dH20 at 3°C for 30 min. Specimens were dehydrated in a graded ethanol‐water series, infiltrated with Agar‐100 resin and then hardened at 60°C for 24 h. 1‐µm sections were cut and stained with 1% toluidine blue in dH20 for light microscopy. At the correct position, ultra‐thin sections were cut at 70–80 nm using a diamond knife on a Reichert ultra‐microtome. Sections were collected on 300 mesh copper grids and then stained with lead citrate. Sections were viewed in a Joel 1010 transition electron microscope and images recorded using a Gatan Orius camera.
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7

Ultrastructural Analysis of Myelinated Axons

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At DIV14 organotypic slices were immersion fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer overnight. All slices were then post‐fixed in 1% OsO4/0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3) at 3°C for 2 h before washing in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). The slices were dehydrated in a graded ethanol‐water series at 3°C and infiltrated with Agar 100 resin mix. The slice was then cut perpendicularly to the plane of the slice (in the cortical region where myelination within the organotypic slice is most dense), blocked out, and hardened. Ultra‐thin sections were taken on a Reichert Ultracut S microtome. Sections were collected and stained with lead citrate. The sections were imaged using a Joel 1010 transition electron microscope and a Gatan Orius camera.
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8

Protein Extraction and Electron Microscopy Analysis of Organoids

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Organoids were lysed following the same procedure for protein extraction, however, samples were initially spun at 20,000 × g for 20 minutes at 4 °C. Following the first centrifugation, supernatants were removed and kept on ice. The remaining cell pellets were resuspended in 5× weight/volume buffer (10 mM Tris-HCL pH7.5, 0.8 M NaCl, and 10% sucrose) [58 (link)] containing proteases inhibitor and spun at 20,000 × g for 20 minutes at 4 °C. An equal volume of supernatant 1 was added to the supernatant from the second centrifugation step. 1% N-lauroysarcosinate (weight/volume) was added and the samples were rocked at RT for 1 hour. The samples were ultra-centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 1 hour at 4 °C. The supernatant was decanted and the sarkosyl-insoluble pellet was resuspended in ice-cold PBS prior to imaging. The samples were deposited on to glow-discharged 400 mesh formvar/carbon film-coated copper grids, negatively stained with a 2% aqueous (w/v) uranyl acetate solution and then immediately analysed at 100 kV using a JEOL TEM1010 equipped with a Gatan Orius camera.
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9

Multimodal Imaging of Brain Sections

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Brain sections were imaged with (1) Zeiss LSM700 confocal microscope with photomultiplier tube (PMT) with ×40 objective, where high-magnification digital image acquisition was performed with 2–5x digital Zoom using Zen (Zeiss), (2) Olympus IX81 fluorescence microscope equipped with Okogawa CSU X1 spinning disk confocal scan head, ×20 objective and a Hamamatsu camera (Hamamatsu), where digital image acquisition was performed with Volocity (Perkin Elmer) software, or (3) with Zeiss Axio Imager M2 fluorescence microscope, ORCA-Flash LT sCMOS Camera and the Zen software (Zeiss). Z-stacks spanning 6–10 μm were taken with optical slice thickness 0.2–0.5 μm and stacked images or orthogonal sections through 3D projections are shown.
Images from all fixed primary cell culture experiments were captured with ×20 objective using Zeiss Axio Imager M2 fluorescence microscope, ORCA-Flash LT sCMOS Camera, and the Zen software (Zeiss). Images were captured in a single plane.
Live microglia cultures were imaged using an inverted Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope equipped with Axiocam 503 Mono camera and ×20 objective.
For TEM, images were acquired using JEOL JEM-2100, Gatan Orius camera with digital micrograph at 200 kV acceleration voltage.
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10

Magnetic Bead Imaging via TEM

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A JEOL 2100 transmission electron microscope (TEM) operating at 200 kV was used to image the samples. An aqueous solution of magnetic beads +/− DNA was deposited onto a carbon-coated copper TEM grid and left to allow evaporation of the water. Then, the dried grids were dipped into 18 Mega Ohm water for 30 s to remove excess salts. The images were then captured with a Gatan Orius camera.
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