Polyethylene glycol 200

The wettability of the samples was determined through contact angle values using two substances: water and polyethylene glycol 200 (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) using the hanging drop method with the aid of an OCA 20 Optical Goniometer apparatus (Dataphysics, Filderstadt, Germany). The surface energy (SE) consisting of two components, polar and dispersion, was calculated using the Owens–Wendt method presented by Equation (2): $${\gamma }_{SL}={\gamma }_S+{\gamma }_L-2\left(\sqrt{{\gamma }_S^d{\gamma }_L^d}-\sqrt{{\gamma }_S^p{\gamma }_L^p}\right),$$
where ${\gamma }_{SL}$ —SE on the solid–liquid interface; ${\gamma }_S$ —SE of solid; ${\gamma }_L$ —SE of liquid; d—dispersive component; and p—polar component.

For identification of root-inhabiting fungi, rootlets with ten EM root tips of EM trees or ten lateral roots of AM were harvested (from the samples for quantification of mycorrhizal colonisation) to polyethylene glycol 200 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) adjusted to pH 13. The roots were extracted mechanically with glass beads by vortexing to release their DNA into the liquid. ITS regions were amplified according to White et al. [62 ] with the primers ITS1 (10 μM – 5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (10 μM – 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC), and Promega Green (Promega, Madison, USA) and sequenced with the ITS1 primer using Big Dye Termination Mix (GeneCust Europe, Dudelange, Luxembourg). Sequence quality was manually controlled using Sequencher 5.4.5. Sequences were compared to the UNITE database 8.0 using BLASTN 2.8.1. The raw Sanger sequences were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Genbank database under the accession numbers MW695221-MW695361.

In this study, isoniazid (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA; compound 3, with purities of at least 0.990 in mass fraction), polyethylene glycol 200 (Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA; the solvent component 1, purity of at least 0.998 in mass fraction) were used. Table 9 summarizes the sources and purities of the compounds studied.

4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (98%, Sigma-Merck),
9-bromo-1-nonanol (98%, Alfa Aesar), anhydrous potassium carbonate
(99%, Sigma-Merck), tetrabutylammonium bromide (98%, Sigma-Merck),
polyethylene glycol 200 (Sigma-Merck), acryloyl chloride (97%, Sigma-Merck),
triethylamine (99.5%, Sigma-Merck), and 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
(98%, TCI) were used in the synthesis of the reacting mesogen. We
also used the thiol spacer 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol
(EDDT) (95%, Sigma-Merck), four-functional cross-linker pentaerythritol
tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) (95%, Sigma-Merck), and catalyst
dipropylamine (DPA) (99%, Sigma-Merck).

Neutral lipids were stained with Nile Red 0.10 g/L in polyethylene glycol 200 (Sigma Aldrich, Wicklow, Ireland) with emission collected in the range 500–530 nm. Protein was labelled using Fast Green (0.01 g/L in water) fluorescent dye (Sigma Aldrich) with emission collected between 650–700 nm. 50 µL of a 3:1 mixture of Nile Red: Fast Green was added to 1 mL of cream/solution, which was then vortexed and 20 µL deposited on a glass slide before imaging. A 63x oil immersion objective was used to acquire images taken at 1024 × 1024 pixels.

Carbopol 974P NF and carrageenan (Gelcarin GP 379) NF were donated by IMCD Ltd. (Sutton, UK); polyethylene glycol 200, sodium alginate W201502, mucin from porcine stomach, urea, gelatin, and calcium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK). Sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide, lactic acid, glucose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, metronidazole (99%), bovine serum albumin, ethanol, acetic acid, acetonitrile, and glycerol were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK).

The organic solvents heptane, toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane were purchased from Romical, along with chemicals and laboratory equipment. Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone)-graft-(1-hexadecene) co-polymer (containing 80% by weight of C₁₆ α-olefin and 20% by weight of polymerized vinylpyrrolidone) (Agrimer AL-22) was purchased from International Specialty Products (ISP). Bis-poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(propylene glycol)-14/14 dimethicone (ABIL EM 97) was purchased from Evonik. Poly(ethylene glycol) 200, sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na₂PdCl₄), dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT), sorbitan monooleate (span 80), poly(ethylene glycol) oleyl ether (brij 92v), branched poly(ethylene amine) 800, 2,2′(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine), hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), and diethylenetriamine (DETA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich-Merck. Polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI 27) was contributed by FMC Corporation. Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) was purchased from Acros Organics. All substrates were purchased either from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA, USA) or Sigma Aldrich-Merck (Budapest, Hungary).