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6 protocols using nylon 100 μm mesh filter

1

Isolation and Enumeration of Immune Cells

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All tissues were collected from mice 21 days post-immunization. Spleens were passed through a 100-μm nylon mesh filter (BD Falcon, Bedford, MA, USA) into RPMI 1640 to create a single cell suspension. Red cells were lysed with 1X Red Cell Lysis Buffer (eBioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and the cell suspension subsequently washed with RPMI 1640. Cells were then counted on a Cellometer Auto T4 cell counter (Nexcelom, Lawrence, MA, USA). After counting, cells were centrifuged and resuspended in staining buffer (PBS with 0.1% NaN3 and 1% BSA) for staining.
Inguinal lymph nodes (LN) were processed by passing LN through a 100-μm nylon mesh filter (BD Falcon), washing the cells with RPMI 1640, and counted. After centrifugation, cells were resuspended in staining buffer for FACS analysis.
Brains were passed through 100-μm mesh screens and washed as stated above. Cells were resuspended in 80% Percoll (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) then overlaid with 40% Percoll to establish a density gradient and centrifuged at 1600 rpm for 30 min following a method previously described [44 (link)]. Leukocytes were collected from the resultant interface, counted, and resuspended in staining buffer for staining.
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2

Single-Cell Isolation from Murine Tissues

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All tissues were collected from mice 28 days post-immunization. Spleens were passed through a 100μm nylon mesh filter (BD Falcon, Bedford, MA) into RPMI 1640 to create a single cell suspension. Red cells were lysed with 1x red cell lysis buffer (eBioscience, Inc., San Diego, CA) and the cell suspension subsequently washed with RPMI 1640. Cells were then counted on a Cellometer Auto T4 cell counter (Nexcelom, Lawrence, MA). After counting, cells were centrifuged and resuspended in staining buffer (PBS with 0.1% NaN3 and 1% BSA) for staining.
Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were processed by passing LN through a 100μm nylon mesh filter (BD Falcon) and washing cells with RPMI 1640. After centrifugation cells were resuspended in staining buffer for FACS analysis.
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3

Fecal Microbiome Transplant Protocol

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A given pulverized frozen human fecal sample (353±184 mg; mean±SD) was transferred to an anaerobic Coy chamber (atmosphere 75% N2, 20% CO2, 5% H2) in a 2mL Axygen screw topped tube. The tube was then opened and its contents were transferred to a 50 mL conical shaped polypropylene tube (Falcon). The fecal material was suspended in 10 mL of sterile PBS supplemented with 0.1% L-cysteine (Sigma) by vortexing with sterile 2 mm-diameter glass beads. The suspension was passed through a nylon 100 μm mesh filter (BD) and the filtrate was mixed with an equal volume of 30% glycerol in PBS/0.1% cysteine. Aliquots (1.2 mL) of this suspension were placed amber glass vials, each of which was sealed with a crimp top, and frozen at −80°C. Tubes were thawed, and transferred into gnotobiotic isolators (with surface sterilization achieved by treatment with Clidox). Aliquots (200 μL) were then introduced into each germ-free mouse in a given experimental group by oral gavage. A total of 38 animals were used for this study (n=4–5 mice/donor microbiota). This size of each treatment group was not based on a formal power calculation but was informed by our previous work described in ref. 8 . There was no randomization of mice for this study; male C57BL/6J animals in each group were age- and weight-matched prior to gavage. Investigators were not blinded with respect to the donor microbiota.
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4

Fecal Microbiome Transplant Protocol

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A given pulverized frozen human fecal sample (353±184 mg; mean±SD) was transferred to an anaerobic Coy chamber (atmosphere 75% N2, 20% CO2, 5% H2) in a 2mL Axygen screw topped tube. The tube was then opened and its contents were transferred to a 50 mL conical shaped polypropylene tube (Falcon). The fecal material was suspended in 10 mL of sterile PBS supplemented with 0.1% L-cysteine (Sigma) by vortexing with sterile 2 mm-diameter glass beads. The suspension was passed through a nylon 100 μm mesh filter (BD) and the filtrate was mixed with an equal volume of 30% glycerol in PBS/0.1% cysteine. Aliquots (1.2 mL) of this suspension were placed amber glass vials, each of which was sealed with a crimp top, and frozen at −80°C. Tubes were thawed, and transferred into gnotobiotic isolators (with surface sterilization achieved by treatment with Clidox). Aliquots (200 μL) were then introduced into each germ-free mouse in a given experimental group by oral gavage. A total of 38 animals were used for this study (n=4–5 mice/donor microbiota). This size of each treatment group was not based on a formal power calculation but was informed by our previous work described in ref. 8 . There was no randomization of mice for this study; male C57BL/6J animals in each group were age- and weight-matched prior to gavage. Investigators were not blinded with respect to the donor microbiota.
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5

Isolation and Characterization of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells

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ADSCs’ isolation was performed as previously reported [21 (link), 22 (link)]. Mice were killed by cervical dislocation and asepticized by soaking in 75% ethanol for 5 min. The inguinal adipose tissues were withdrawn and washed with PBS at 4 °C for three times. After removing the blood vessels and lymph nodes carefully, the adipose was cut into pieces and digested for 90 min at 37 °C using 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 125 U/mL collagenase (Cat# 17018029, Collagenase Type I, Gibco) [23 (link)]. By filtrating through 100-μm nylon filter mesh (Cat# 352360, BD Falcon) and concentrated by centrifugation at 300g for 5 min, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was attained [24 (link)]. Then, ADSCs were resuspended in complete medium (high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (H-DMEM) with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (Cat# C0222, Beyotime, China)) and cultured in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. The culture medium was updated every 48 h. The cells were monitored daily under an inverted phase-contrast microscope (Leica DMI4000 B) and passaged when they reached 80–90% confluence.
Cells at passage three were used for 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) (Cat# C1157, Invitrogen) labeling and identification according to the standard listed in Additional file 1.
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6

Isolation and Culture of Rat Adipose-Derived Cells

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All animal experiments in this study were conducted with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yi Shengyuan Gene Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. All animals were housed in an environmentally (temperature and humidity) controlled room with a 12-h light or dark cycle and free access to laboratory chow and water. Perirenal adipose tissues obtained from eight-week-old male SD rats were washed 3 times in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F12) medium (Gibco BRL Life Technologies Inc., USA) with 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Hyclone, CA, USA) and then transferred to a petri dish. After the removal of blood vessels and fascial tissues, adipose tissues were cut into pieces (1–2 mm3) and digested at 37 °C in DMEM/F12 medium containing 0.1% collagenase I (Solarbio Life Science, China) for 1 h. The tissue precipitation was collected and resuspended in erythrocyte lysate (Solarbio Life Science, China) for 5 min at room temperature. After filtration through 100 μm nylon filter mesh (BD Falcon) and centrifugation, 1 × 106 cells were plated on a 10-cm dish with complete DMEM/F12 medium (supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco BRL Life Technologies Inc., USA) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin).
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