Emodin 8 o β d glucopyranoside

Methanol (HPLC-grade) was purchased from Fisher (United States). A Cascada^TM IX-water Purification System (Pall Co., United States) was used to provide high purity water. The standard for emodin, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (TSG) was provided by Shanghai Standard Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EDG) was provided by Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The different geographical areas/batches of PM samples (21 batches) were purchased from Anguo medicine market. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco-Life Technologies (United States). A Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) was obtained from Dojindo (Tokyo, Japan).

Methanol (HPLC-grade) was purchased from Fisher (United States). Cascada^TM IX-water Purification System (Pall Co., United States) was used to provide high purity water. The standards of emodin and 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside were provided by Shanghai Standard Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China), Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside was provided by Shanghai yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).