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Acetonitrile and water

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Acetonitrile and water are commonly used solvents in laboratory applications. Acetonitrile is a colorless, volatile, and polar organic solvent, while water is the universal solvent. These two solvents are often used together in various analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry, to separate, identify, and quantify chemical compounds.

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6 protocols using acetonitrile and water

1

Analytical Determination of Cyanotoxin Standards

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Standard of CYN (100 µg/mL, 95% purity) was from Alexis Corporation (Lausen, Switzerland), and was diluted in Milli-Q water as required for working solutions (1–100 µg/L). All chemicals and reagents employed in the present work were of analytical grade. HPLC-grade methanol, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water (418 MΩ/cm resistivity) was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, USA). BOND ELUT® carbon cartridges (PGC columns) (500 mg, 6 mL) were purchased from Agilent Technologies (Amstelveen, The Netherlands, Europe) and Bakerbond®C18 cartridges (500 mg, 6 mL) from Dicsa (Andalucía, Spain). All reagents used for UHPLC-MS/MS were of LC-MS grade; acetonitrile and water were supplied by VWR International (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France) and formic acid from Fluka (Stainheim, Germany).
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2

Isolation and Purification of Siraitia grosvenorii Compounds

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Dried fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (Golden Diamond, Lot B02/2549) were obtained from the Go Asia supermarket (Hamburg, Germany). 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene TraceCert for quantitative NMR (Lot BCBR7216V, 99.86%), LC-MS grade formic acid, Diaion HP-20, and Sephadex LH-20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. Silica gel (40-63 µm) for column chromatography, TLC plates (silica gel 60 F254), acetonitrile and water (both of LC-MS grade), gradient grade methanol, and other (analytical grade) solvents were obtained from VWR International GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Water used for isolation was doubly distilled in-house. Solid phase extraction (SPE) columns (Chromabond SB 3 mL/500 mg, Chromabond C18 6 ml/1000 mg) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel GmbH and Co. KG, Düren, Germany. Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.80%, Lot S1051, Batch 0119E) and pyridine-d5 (99.50%, Lot Q1301, Batch 1116) for NMR spectroscopy were purchased from Euriso-top GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany, and conventional 5 mm NMR sample tubes were obtained from Rototec-Spintec GmbH, Griesheim, Germany.
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3

Isolation and Purification of Flavonoids

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LC-MS grade formic acid, Diaion HP-20, and Sephadex LH-20 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA. Silica gel (40–63 μm) for column chromatography, TLC plates (silica gel 60 F254), acetonitrile and water (both of LC-MS grade), gradient grade methanol, and other (analytical grade) solvents were obtained from VWR International GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Water used for isolation was doubly distilled in-house. Apigenin (14, Lot A002/02-08) and luteolin (15, Lot L007/02-08) were obtained from TransMIT, Marburg, Germany. Solid phase extraction (SPE) columns (Chromabond HR-XA 3 mL/500 mg) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel GmbH and Co. KG, Düren, Germany. Dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (99.80%, Lot S1051, Batch 0119E) and methanol-d4 (99.80%, Lot P3021, Batch 1016B) for NMR spectroscopy were purchased from Euriso-top GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany, and conventional 5 mm NMR sample tubes were obtained from Rototec-Spintec GmbH, Griesheim, Germany.
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4

Lipid Extraction and Analysis with UHPLC-MS/MS

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The solvents used for lipid extraction and analysis, all of ACS grade, were methyl tert-butyl ether (Cas number 1634-04-4), methanol (Cas number 67-56-1), ethanol (Cas number 64-17-5), 1-butanol (Cas number 71-36-3) and chloroform (Cas number 67-66-3). All reagents used for UHPLC-MS/MS analyses were of LC-MS grade. Formic acid, ammonium formate and methyl tert-butyl ether were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), water and acetonitrile from VWR (Milano, Italy) and methanol and 1-butanol from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain).
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5

Lipidomics Analysis: Detailed Protocols

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For the analysis, LC-MS-grade solvents and reagents were used. Formic acid, ammonium formate, tert-Butyl methyl ether, BSTFA, methoxyamine, Hexadecane, and tridecanoic acid were procured from Merck (Darmstad, Germany), pyridine, water and acetonitrile were from VWR (Milano, Italy), and methanol and isopropanol were from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). As internal standards for lipidomics analysis we employed the SPLASH Lipidomix® [PC 15:0-18:1(d7); PE 15:0-18:1(d7); PS 15:0-18:1(d7); PG 15:0-18:1(d7); PG 15:0-18:1(d7); PA 15:0-18:1(d7); LysoPC 18:1(d7); LysoPE 18:1(d7); Chol Ester 18:1 (d7); 18:1(d7) MG; DG 15:0-18:1(d7); TG 15:0-18:1(d7)-15:0; SM 18:1(d9); Cholesterol (d7)]; DG 12:0-12:0 (Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA); and 12-[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino]-dodecanoic acid (CUDA) (Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
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6

Cylindrospermopsin Quantification in Lettuce

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Cylindrospermopsin standard (95% purity) was purchased from Alexis Corporation (Lausen, Switzerland). CYN standard solutions were prepared in Milli-Q water (100 µg mL−1) and further diluted for their use as working solutions (5–500 µg L−1). All reagents and chemicals employed in this work were of analytical grade. HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, dichloromethane, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water (418 MΩ cm−1 resistivity) was acquired from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). BOND ELUT® Carbon cartridges (PGC, 500 mg, 6 mL) were obtained from Agilent Technologies (Amstelveen, The Netherlands, Europe). Reagents for UHPLC–MS/MS were of LC–MS grade; formic acid was supplied by Fluka (Steinheim, Germany) and water and acetonitrile by VWR International (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). The lettuce samples without CYN were purchased from a local supermarket. In this way, we ensured that they had passed the quality controls required for their human consumption.
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