The kidney was dehydrated by the serial ascending concentration of alcohol (BDH, UK), and xylene (BDH, UK), then the tissues were embedded in paraffin wax (Sherwood, USA). The block of paraffin embedding tissue was cut at 5 µm by microtome (West Germany). Haematoxylin, and eosin were used to stain the slides to investigate the tissue under the light microscope (400×) [16 (link)]. Tubulointerstitial damage, chronicity, and regeneration were evaluated using a semi-quantitative pathological score according to Shi et al. [17 (link)].
Xylene
Manufactured by BD
Sourced in United Kingdom
Xylene is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid solvent. It is commonly used in laboratory settings as a clearing agent in histology and microscopy applications to make tissue samples transparent for analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dialysis membrane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran thf, by BD (1 mentions)
Aniline, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinyl alcohol (pva), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ammonium persulfate ap, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Light microscopy, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by BD (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by BD (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by BD (1 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by BD (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by BD (1 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by BD (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by BD (1 mentions)
Aflatoxin b1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Agar, by BD (1 mentions)
Acetylsalicylic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using xylene
1
Histological Analysis of Kidney Tissue
2
Saxagliptin Hydrochloride Formulation Characterization
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Saxagliptin hydrochloride (SXG) was gifted by Mash première company (Badr City, Egypt). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), potassium bromide (KBr) pellets, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), gelatin, and glycerol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Aniline, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), calyx [8] arene, sodium phosphomolybdate hydrate (PMH), Potassium tetrakis 4-chlorophenyl borate (KTPCB) and tetraphenylborate were purchased from Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and xylene were obtained from BDH (Poole, England). Ammonium persulfate (APS) was obtained from E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methanol HPLC grade (Fischer Scientific, UK). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate (El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Company, Egypt). A dialysis membrane with a 12,000 molecular weight cut-off was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, USA). All other solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade, and bi-distilled water was consistently employed throughout the work. The pharmaceutical dosage form used in this study was commercially available Saxaptin film-coated tablets. (Saxagliptin hydrochloride 5 mg/ tablet) was obtained from the local market.
3
Histopathological Evaluation of Liver Samples
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The preparation of liver tissue samples and histopathological examinations were performed as we previously reported [31 (link)]. In brief, obtained liver samples were immediately washed in warm saline and fixed using 10% neutral buffered formalin solution. After fixation, the samples were dehydrated by serial ascending concentration of alcohol (BDH, UK), and xylene (BDH, UK), and then were embedded in paraffin wax (Sheruood, Sherwood, OR, USA). Paraffin-embedded liver tissue samples were cut into 5 µm sections by microtome (Mainz, West Germany). The sections were mounted on glass slide and stained with standard hematoxylin and eosin stain (or immunostaining as in the next step). The extent of liver damage and any lesions were blindly assessed by an experienced pathologist. The slides were examined under light microscopy (Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
4
Aflatoxin Standards Characterization
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Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 standards (crystalline powder) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis–MO, USA). Pre–coated TLC plates of silica gel 60 (layer thickness 0.25 mm, 20 x 20 cm) on glass or aluminum, without fluorescent indicator were purchased from E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical grade acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, chloroform, cupric carbonate, ferric chloride, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, xylene and other solvents procured from BDH (Poole, England).
5
Formalin-fixed Paraffin-preserved Tissue Analysis
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The normal tissue samples were fixed by 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin. Formalin-fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissue samples of OLK and OSCC were obtained from the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University. Five parallel 5-μm FFPP sections were cut from each block using a microtome, and one of them was selected randomly to be mounted on glass slides and dried. Samples were dewaxed in-house prior to investigation by immersion in baths of Xylene (BDH), Ethanol Absolut (Merck) and Industrial Methylated Spirits 95% (Lennox) and air-dried. The reference section from each sample was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Another five parallel 10-μm FFPP sections were cut from each block using a microtome, and one of them was selected randomly to mount on custom CaF2 chips, dewaxed and air-dried (Raman spectral sections). These sections were kept unstained for spectroscopic examination. All the tissue sections were characterized by three experienced pathologists blindly, according to the 2005 WHO classification [2 ]. The grades of dysplasia were determined only if all the three pathologists reached the same results, otherwise the pathological regions were abandoned.
6
Neutrophil Activation and Inflammation Assay
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Zymosan A from Saccharomyses cerevisiae, luminol (3-aminophthalhydrazide), N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, Hanks Balance Salt Solution, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), ficoll, dimethyl sulfoxide, trypan blue, acetylsalicylic acid (purity 99%), ibuprofen (purity 99%) and indomethacin (purity 99%) were from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Haematoxylin and xylene were from BDH, UK. Lymphoprep® was from Stemcell Technology, USA. MPO activity colorimetric assay kit was from Biovison, UK. Brain heart infusion, Muller-Hinton broth, and agar were from the Becton, Dickinson, and Company (Franklin Lakes, NJ).
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