Gentamicin, penicillin, streptomycin, non-essential amino acids (NEAA), McCoy's 5A medium, and minimum essential culture medium (MEM) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (DMEM)-F12 and RPMI 1640 with glutamine were from Biowhitaker Europe (Lonza, Madrid, Spain). Cell proliferation ELISA 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) kit and cell viability reagent WST-1 were purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Barcelona, Spain). Protein assay reagent was from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Madrid, Spain). CA, FA, 5-CQA, DHCA, DHFA, caffeine, and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). 3,5-DCQA was from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany).
Human lung carcinoma A549, human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2, human oesophageal carcinoma OE-33, human urinary bladder carcinoma T24, non-cancer fibroblastic cell line CCD-18Co were supplied by the Cell Bank of the Scientific Instrumentation Centre at the University of Granada (CIC-UGR, Granada, Spain).