Mb2000 multi bead shocker

Samples were cryohomogenized to a fine powder in MB2000 Multi-bead Shocker (Yasui Kikai Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) in two rounds at 2800 rpm for 16 s per cycle.
Each frozen powder sample was weighed (10 mg) and then dissolved in sterilized distilled water. A stock solution of an aliquot with a 10 mg/mL concentration was diluted to the final working concentration of 500 μg/mL and stored at −30 °C until use.

The conditions for the homogenization of samples were established following the previously reported methods, with some modifications [76 (link),77 (link)]. An MB2000 Multi-bead Shocker (Yasui Kikai Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was used to cryohomogenize the rhizome and leaf samples into fine powder by running into 2 circles at 2800 rpm for 16 s per round. Each fine powder sample, weighing 1.0 g, was placed into a 20 mL headspace screw-top clear GC glass vial (Agilent Technologies Co., Ltd., Waldbronn, Germany). The sample powders were very susceptible to melting, especially the leaf powder. Therefore, as soon as the samples were weighed, GC vials were kept on ice until the all of the chemicals had been added.