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7 protocols using d mannitol

1

Telmisartan Formulation Optimization Protocol

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TEL (514 g/mol, structure shown in Fig. 1), buffer components (NaH2PO4, NaOH, NaCl, KCl, HCl), sorbitol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleat (Tween 80), and n-dodecane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Llc. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lactose monohydrate was obtained from Meggle Pharma (Wasserburg, Germany). Reagent grade dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) were ordered from Merck Ltd. (Budapest, Hungary). D-mannitol and (2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), with the molar substitution degree of 0.64, were provided by Roquette Freres (Lestrem, France). Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC 2910) was obtained from Aqualon, Hercules (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and K90 (PVP K30 and K90) were received from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMC-AS) polymer was provided by Ashland Inc. (Wilmington, USA). PrismaHT buffer were obtained from Pion Inc. (Billerica, MA, USA). Simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) powder was purchased from Biorelevant.com (London, UK). Telmisartan brand tablets (Micardis 40 mg API/tablet) were purchased from Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh (Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany).

Structure of telmisartan

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2

Reagent Acquisition for Biochemical Assays

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The 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), ascorbic acid, crocin, D-(+)-dihydrate trehalose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glutaraldehyde, and L-glutamine 200 mM were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). D-mannitol was bought from Roquette (Roquette Frères, Lestrem, France).
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3

Pregabalin Formulation and Evaluation

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Pregabalin was purchased from MSN Pharmachem (India). PEO (Polyox WSR 303) was purchased from Dow Chemical. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, Vivapur® 12) was purchased from JRS Pharma (Germany), povidone (Kollidon® 90F) from BASF (Germany), L-tartaric acid from Caviro (Italy), and D-mannitol from Roquette. All other excipients used were of pharmaceutical grade. All reagents used in the analyses were of analytical grade. An IR formulation (Lyrica Capsules, Pfizer) was used as a reference drug for pharmacokinetic studies.
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4

Rabeprazole Sodium Tablet Formulation

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The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) rabeprazole sodium was purchased from Ildong (Seoul, Korea), while sodium bicarbonate was purchased from Hebei Huachen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Huanghua, Hebei, China). Additionally, the following reagents were used throughout the study: D-mannitol (Roquette, Lestrem, France), heavy calcium carbonate (Shanghai Nuocheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China), magnesium oxide (Tomita Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan), calcium hydroxide (Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Henderson, NV, USA), hydroxypropyl cellulose (Nippon Soda Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), sodium starch glycolate (JRS Pharma, Rosenberg, Germany), low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose and ethylcellulose (Ashland, Covington, KY, USA), magnesium stearate (Faci Asia Pacific Pty Ltd., Jurong Island, Singapore), talc (Nippon Talc Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan), titanium dioxide (Huntsman Corporation, Oulsburg, Germany), aluminum lake yellow No. 4 (Borak, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, Korea), as well as copovidone and crospovidone (BASF Co. Ltd., Ludwigshafen, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and purchased commercially.
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5

Formulation and Evaluation of a Gastro-Resistant Drug Delivery System

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EMP was a gift from Lee Pharma Limited (Hyderabad, India). D-mannitol was provided by Roquette (Lesterem, Singapore). Low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC) and hypromellose (HPMC) 2910 were purchased from Shin-Etsu (Tokyo, Japan). Croscarmellose sodium (CMC-Na) was obtained from DuPont Nutrition (Newark, DE, USA). HPC L-type (HPC-L) was supplied by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Sodium stearyl fumarate (SSF) was purchased from JRS Pharma (Polanco, Spain). Talc was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Triethyl citrate (TEC) was purchased from MORIMURA Bros., INC. (Tokyo, Japan). Glycerol monostearate (GMS) was obtained from Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Polysorbate 80 was purchased from CRODA (Seraya, Singapore). Iron oxide red was obtained from VENATOR (Turin, Italy). ELD-55, ES-100, and EL-100 were obtained from Evonik Industries (Darmstadt, Germany). Hard capsules (HPMC) were obtained from SUHEUNG Co., Ltd. (Cheongju, Korea). A commercial product (Nexium® tablet; 40 mg) was purchased from AstraZeneca Korea Co. (Seoul, Korea). All other reagents were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
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6

Formulation and Coating of D-Mannitol Tablets

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Materials The tablet cores were prepared using D-mannitol (Roquette, Lestrem, France), microcrystalline cellulose (Asahi Kasei Chemicals, Tokyo, Japan), crospovidone (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) and magnesium stearate (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The composition of each tablet core was as follows: D-mannitol 64% (w/w), microcrystalline cellulose 30% (w/w), crospovidone 5% (w/w) and magnesium stearate 1% (w/w). D-mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and crospovidone were initially blended in a container mixer before being blended with magnesium stearate in the same container. The blended powder was subsequently compressed on a compression machine (HT-X20, Hata Iron Works, Kyoto, Japan) using 8 mm biconcave punches to form the core tablets. Opadry ® Yellow (Colorcon, Shizuoka, Japan) containing hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, titanium oxide, talc and yellow ferric oxide was used as the film coating agent by dispersing in water at a concentration of 10% (w/w).
Equipment The film coating process was performed on a pilot scale with 33 kg of the core tablets charged into the film coater system (Powrex, Hyogo, Japan).
Film Coating The core tablets were coated with 3% (w/w) Opadry ® Yellow by spraying the tablets with a dispersion of the coating. Three batches of film coated tablets were manufactured under the conditions shown in Table 4.
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7

Pemetrexed Disodium Hemipentahydrate Formulation

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Pemetrexed disodium hemipentahydrate was purchased from Nippon Kayaku (Tokyo, Japan). d-mannitol was obtained from Roquette (Corby, UK). Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen peroxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ortho-phosphoric acid (PA), sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium formaldehyde bisulfite, sodium sulfate, and sodium sulfite were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The pemetrexed-related substances, α-hydroxy lactams, keto-pemetrexed, oxidative dimers, and ring-opened keto-amide were obtained from TRC (Toronto, ON, Canada). N-acetylcysteine (NAC, Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), l-cysteine·HCl, sodium sulfide, and sodium metabisulfite were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Kleptose® HPB, Roquette-Freres, Lestrem CEDEX, France) and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS, Eastman Chemical Co., Kingsport, TN, USA) were also utilized. Acetonitrile and acetone were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
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