A cell-based transcription factor reporter assay was used as previously described [17 (
link), 19 (
link), 20 (
link)] to determine the redox activity of nicorandil, daidzin, or nicorandil-daidzin combo along with the APE1 redox inhibitor, E3330 as a control. Briefly, the pRL Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor firefly reporter vector (PathDetect cis-Reporting Systems, Stratagene) and the control pRL
Renilla-TK (Promega Corp.) were cotransfected in patient-derived Pa02c cells at a 20:1 ratio (1.0 μg : 0.05 μg, respectively) using 3.0 μL/mL Lipofectamine
®2000 (Invitrogen Life Technologies) in
Opti-MEM® (ThermoFisher). After cells were incubated 24 hours (37°C, 5% CO
2), media was exchanged, and following a 24-hour recovery, cells were washed in PBS and then treated with the various drug doses in
Opti-MEM® of either E3330, nicorandil (Sigma-Aldrich), daidzin (Indofine Chemical), or nicorandil and 10 μM daidzin, along with vehicle (DMSO) and media controls. Following 24-hour exposure (37°C, 5%
2), firefly luciferase and Renilla activities were measured by the Promega Dual-Luciferase
® system and quantified by the BioTek Synergy™ H4 fluorescent plate reader. For each dose, AP-1 luciferase RLU was normalized with
Renilla-TK RLU and then further normalized to background media.
Georgiadis M.M., Chen Q., Meng J., Guo C., Wireman R., Reed A., Vasko M.R, & Kelley M.R. (2016). Small molecule activation of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 reduces DNA damage induced by cisplatin in cultured sensory neurons. DNA repair, 41, 32-41.