An amount of 0.02 g of the powdered microalgae culture was placed in a 50 mL flask and 10 mL of methanol (Honeywell Speciality Chemicals, Riedel-de Haën, Germany) was added. Then, the sample was heated in an ultrasonic water bath for 30 min; subsequently, it was filtrated in a volumetric flask and diluted to 10 mL with MeOH. Test solution was prepared as follows: 500 µL of solution A was placed in a volumetric flask and diluted to 2 mL with a solution of 20 g/L aluminium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) in methanol. Compensation solution consisted of 500 µL of solution A placed in a volumetric flask and diluted to 20.0 mL with MeOH. After exactly 15 min, the absorbance of the test solution was measured at 420 nm by comparison with the compensation solution. The total flavonoid content was expressed as hyperoside [114 ].
Aluminium chloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia, India, Switzerland, Italy, United Kingdom, Spain
Aluminium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula AlCl3. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. Aluminium chloride is used as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (70 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (44 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (41 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by Merck Group (38 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (38 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (30 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (26 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (25 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (25 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Vanillin, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
110 protocols using aluminium chloride
1
Quantifying Flavonoids in Microalgae
2
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, sodium carbonate (99%), catechin (98%), protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, gentisic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, sodium nitrite (97%), aluminium chloride (99.9%), and vanillin (99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Procyanidin B2, rutin, epicatechin, kaempferol, quercetin dehydrate, daidzein and genistein were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Sulphuric acid (95–97%) and gallic acid (98%) were purchased from Fluka (Seelze, Germany). Sodium hydroxide (98%) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Absolute ethanol (99.9%) and methanol (99.9%) were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Rodano, Italy). Milli-Q® water (18.2 MΩ.cm) was obtained in a Millipore–Direct Q3 UV System equipment (Molsheim, France).
3
Biochemical Analyses Protocol
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Aluminium chloride (AlCl3.6H2O), Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), Ascorbic acid, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), Bradford's reagent, Ethidium bromide, Ferric chloride (FeCl3), Folin-Coicalteu reagent, Gallic acid, Glucose, Glycerol, DL-Glyceraldehyde, Glycine, Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate (EDTA), Reduced nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), Nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), Perchloric acid (HClO4), Phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF), Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), Tris-HCl were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemicals of analytical grade were purchased from Indian manufacturers.
4
Antioxidant Capacity Measurement Protocol
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Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (95%) (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (97%) (Trolox), sodium carbonate (≥ 99.5%), vanillin (99%), aluminium chloride (99%), sodium nitrite (≥ 99%), (+)-catechin hydrate (>98%), methanol (≥ 99.9%), formic acid (98–100%), and hydrochloric acid (fuming 37%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy).
All standards for phenolic and organic acids, including chlorogenic, protocatechuic, quercetin-3-glucoside, p-coumaric acids, and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Ethanol (≥ 70% and ≥ 99.9%), gallic acid, epicatechin, and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were obtained from Fluka (Milano, Italy). All chemicals were of reagent or HPLC grade, and ultra-pure water was produced using a Milli-Q System (Millipore, Milano, Italy).
All standards for phenolic and organic acids, including chlorogenic, protocatechuic, quercetin-3-glucoside, p-coumaric acids, and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Ethanol (≥ 70% and ≥ 99.9%), gallic acid, epicatechin, and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were obtained from Fluka (Milano, Italy). All chemicals were of reagent or HPLC grade, and ultra-pure water was produced using a Milli-Q System (Millipore, Milano, Italy).
5
Biochemical Assays for Metabolic Markers
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All the reagents were obtained commercially. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite, aluminium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, gallic acid, quercetin, and catechin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA. d -glucose was purchased from Edu-Lab Biology Kit, Bexwell, Norfolk PE389GA, UK. Diagnostic kits used for estimation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), total protein, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and aspartate aminotransferase were procured from Inmesco, innovation for medical lab, L-S 04/2009 Germany. All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
6
Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds
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Caffeic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, o-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid), catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, myricetin, quercetin, trolox, gallic acid, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, sodium nitrite, aluminium chloride, potassium peroxodisulfate, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and EDTA were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Rutin was from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Ascorbic acid and all organic solvents were obtained from Carlo Erba (Milano, Italy). Standard phenolics were dissolved in methanol (1 mg/mL), stored at −80 °C, and used within 1 week. Working standard solutions were obtained daily by dilution in sample buffer (1.25% glacial acetic acid, 7% methanol in twice-distilled water).
7
Detailed Pharmacological Compounds Acquisition
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All chemicals and standard drugs like Folin- Ciocalteu reagent, aluminium chloride, gallic acid, rutin, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin, valerenic acid and 2-amino ethyl diphenyl boronic acid ester (AEDBE) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich®, Argentina. Sodium thiopental was obtained from Fada, Biochemie Gesellschaft m.b.H., Kundl/Tirol, Austria. Diazepam was from Hoffmann-La Roche. [3H]flunitrazepam (81.8 Ci/mmol) was purchased from PerkinElmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA. Diosmetin was prepared by acid hydrolysis of diosmin (from Indofine Chemical Company, USA); as previously described (Marder et al., 2003 (link)). 6-Methylapigenin was previously isolated from Valeriana wallichii DC (Wasowski et al., 2002 (link)). All other reagents and solvents used were of analytical or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
8
Antioxidant Potential Analysis of Ceylon Black Tea
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HPLC grade acetonitrile was purchased from BDH (BDH Chemicals Ltd. Poole, England). β-hydroxyethyltheophylline, caffeine, gallic acid, epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, Folin Ciocalteu reagent, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and aluminium chloride were purchased from Sigma Chemicals, USA. Sodium nitrite was purchased from Riedel De Haen Ag, Wunstorfer Strasse 40, SEELZE1, D3016, Germany. Crush, Tear, Curl (CTC) low grown pure Ceylon black tea was obtained from Danduwangalawatta Tea factory, Millawitiya, Kuruwita, Sri Lanka.
9
Comprehensive Chemical Reagents Acquisition
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All organic solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) unless stated otherwise. Ammonium ferrous sulfate, sulfuric acid, aluminium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, aluminium hexahydrate, ammonium molybdate, sodium phosphate, sodium nitrite, quercetin, gallic acid, glacial acetic acid, 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2-Di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), potassium persulfate, formic acid, 2,2′′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
10
Antibacterial Activity of S. caseolaris Fruit
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To determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract and different fractions of S. caseolaris fruit, bacterial strains such as E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 29247), and B. subtilis (ATCC 6633) were used in this experiment. The following chemicals were used in this study including methanol (XiLong, China), hexane (C6H14; Vietnam), ethyl acetate (C4H8O2, Vietnam), n-Butanol (C4H8O2, China), Amoxicillin (Vietnam), Gallic acid (C7H6O5; China), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Germany), Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3; Germany), Quercetin (C15H10O7; Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore), Aluminium chloride (AlCl3; China), Tryptic Soy Agar medium (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany).
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