Ascorbic acid

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a chemical compound that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Ascorbic acid is available in powder form and can be used as a reagent or supplement in various laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Chir99021, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions) Pargyline hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions) R deprenyl hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (3 mentions) D glucose, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Heptanesulfonic acid, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Dopamine hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) S sulpiride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) L dopa, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) S raclopride tartrate salt, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Quinpriole hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) R 2230, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Streptomycin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Penicillin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 mercaptoethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hepes, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium pyruvate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 3h l dopa, by American Radiolabeled Chemicals (2 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

L -Ascorbic acid (3 citations)

13 protocols using ascorbic acid

Intracerebral Dopamine Receptor Modulation

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After the stroke was induced, a 28 G cannula was implanted in the stroke core 1000 µm deep from the pial surface. An osmotic minipump reservoir (0.25 µL/hr, 200 µL, Alzet model 2204, Alzet, USA) loaded with 0.9 % saline containing 2 mg/ml ascorbic acid or a mixture of SCH23390 (10 µg/µL in 0.9 % saline containing 2 mg/ml ascorbic acid, Tocris, UK) and S(-)-Raclopride L-Tartrate (0.2 µg/µL in 0.9 % saline containing 2 mg/ml ascorbic acid) was implanted subcutaneously under the neck skin and connected to the cannula with a piece of plastic tubing. To prevent DAR antagonists to interfere with the stroke mechanisms early after stroke, we cut the plastic tubing long enough for the drug to reach the brain after the second post-stroke training day. The cannula was maintained with dental cement (VenusFlow, Heraus Kulzer GmBH, Germany) and stabilized with a miniscrew in the occipital bone. Rats were returned to their homecage when fully recovered.

Vitrac C., Nallet-Khosrofian L., Iijima M., Rioult-Pedotti M.S, & Luft A. (2022). Endogenous dopamine transmission is crucial for motor skill recovery after stroke. IBRO Neuroscience Reports, 13, 15-21.

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Optimized Cardiac Differentiation of Human iPSCs

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Human iPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using a new optimized protocol derived from previous publications [13 (link),14 (link),15 (link)] (Figure 1A). In short, a confluent monolayer of human iPSCs was differentiated by adding RPMI media (Thermofisher Scientific) supplemented with B27 minus insulin (Thermofisher Scientific), 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (Thermofisher Scientific), 20 ng/mL of BMP4 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), 20 ng/mL of activinA (StemCell Technologies), and 1.5 μM of CHIR99021 (TOCRIS, Bristol, UK) for 3 days. Next, the medium was changed to an RPMI medium supplemented with B27 minus insulin, 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid, and 5 μM of XAV939 (TOCRIS) for 3 more days; later, the cells were cultured with an RPMI medium supplemented with B27 minus insulin and 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid for 2 days. From day 7, the first beating areas appeared and the medium was refreshed with an RPMI medium supplemented with B27 plus insulin (Thermofisher Scientific) and 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid, with a media change every other day.

Llucià-Valldeperas A., Smal R., Bekedam F.T., Cé M., Pan X., Manz X.D., Wijnker P.J., Vonk-Noordegraaf A., Bogaard H.J., Goumans M.J, & de Man F.S. (2021). Development of a 3-Dimensional Model to Study Right Heart Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: First Observations. Cells, 10(12), 3595.

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Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultivation Protocol

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Experiments using human pluripotent stem cells were conducted under the regulations of the UCSD Human Research Protections Program, project number 151330ZX. Human iPS cells, CV-iPS-B cells were obtained from Dr Lawrence S. B. Goldstein^{42 (link)}. CV-iPS-B cells were cultured on plates coated with Matrigel hESC-Qualified Matrix (Corning) in mTeSR1 media (Stemcell Technologies). NPCs were cultured on matrigel-coated plates in NPC maintenance media containing DMEM/F12 with GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1 × N-2 supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 1 × B-27 supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 50 mM ascorbic acid (Tocris), 3 µM CHIR99021 (Tocris) and 0.5 µM purmorphamine (Tocris). Sphere cells were cultured in suspension in DMEM/F12 with GlutaMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with 1 × B-27 supplement, 20 ng/ml EGF (Stemcell Technologies) and 20 ng/ml bFGF (Stemcell Technologies).

Koga T., Chaim I.A., Benitez J.A., Markmiller S., Parisian A.D., Hevner R.F., Turner K.M., Hessenauer F.M., D’Antonio M., Nguyen N.P., Saberi S., Ma J., Miki S., Boyer A.D., Ravits J., Frazer K.A., Bafna V., Chen C.C., Mischel P.S., Yeo G.W, & Furnari F.B. (2020). Longitudinal assessment of tumor development using cancer avatars derived from genetically engineered pluripotent stem cells. Nature Communications, 11, 550.

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Dopaminergic Receptor Binding Assay

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Compounds used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless indicated otherwise: HEPES, sodium pyruvate, penicillin, streptomycin, 2-mercaptoethanol, D-glucose, bovine serum albumin (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), glacial acetic acid, heptanesulfonic acid, methanol, glutathione, NaOH, EDTA, dimethyl sulfoxide, L-DOPA, dopamine hydrochloride, S-(−)-raclopride (+)-tartrate salt, R-(−)-deprenyl hydrochloride, pargyline hydrochloride, ascorbic acid, (S)-(−)-sulpiride (Tocris, Bristol, United Kingdom), (−)-quinpriole Hydrochloride (Tocris), R-22^{30 (link)} (gift of Dr. Amy Newman, synthesized at NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD), ML321^{31 (link)} (synthesized at NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD) and [³H]L-DOPA (Dihydroxyphenylalanine, L-3,4-[ring 2,5,6-³H]) (American Radiolabeled Chemicals, St. Louis, MO).

Farino Z.J., Morgenstern T.J., Maffei A., Quick M., De Solis A.J., Wiriyasermkul P., Freyberg R.J., Aslanoglou D., Sorisio D., Inbar B.P., Free R.B., Donthamsetti P., Mosharov E.V., Kellendonk C., Schwartz G.J., Sibley D.R., Schmauss C., Zeltser L.M., Moore H., Harris P.E., Javitch J.A, & Freyberg Z. (2019). New roles for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors in pancreatic beta cell insulin secretion. Molecular psychiatry, 25(9), 2070-2085.

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Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from hiPSCs

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hiPSCs were maintained and differentiated to cardiomyocytes as previously described [35 (link), 36 (link)]. Briefly, hiPSCs (P25-P50) derived from normal human epidermal keratinocytes at Duke University were cultured in mTESR1 plus media (Stemcell Technologies) and passaged every 4–5 days with 0.5 mM EDTA in PBS. To initiate cardiomyocyte differentiation, hiPSCs were detached with accutase (Stemcell Technologies) treatment and seeded in 10-cm dishes at a density of 6.4×10⁵/cm². Cells in monolayer were allowed to grow for 3 days and media switched to RPMI-1640 media supplemented with B27 minus insulin (RB⁻, Stemcell Technologies). Cells were treated with CHIR 99021 (12 μM, Tocris Bioscience), recombinant activin A (60 ng/ml, R&D Systems) and ascorbic acid (50 μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 hours, followed by endo-IWR 1 (5 μM, Tocris Bioscience) for 5 days, of which ascorbic acid (50 μg/ml) was included during the first 3 days. Thereafter, cells were incubated in RPMI-1640 and insulin-supplemented B27 (RB⁺, Stemcell Technologies). Spontaneous contractions of hiPSC-CMs usually appeared on the 5^th day after initiation of differentiation. hiPSC-CM purity determined by flow cytometry for cardiac troponin T (cTnT) ranged between 75% and 89%. No metabolic selection [38 (link)] was applied.

Zhan R.Z., Rao L., Chen Z., Strash N, & Bursac N. (2021). Loss of Sarcomeric Proteins via Upregulation of JAK/STAT Signaling Underlies Interferon-γ-induced Contractile Deficit in Engineered Human Myocardium. Acta biomaterialia, 126, 144-153.

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Astrocyte Differentiation Media Compositions

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Astro-1 medium was composed of DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with N2 (Gibco, 17502048), B27 without vitamin A (Gibco, 12587010), 100 nM LDN-193189 dihydrochloride (Tocris, 6053), and the human recombinant proteins PDGF-AA (R&D Systems, 221-AA), JAGGED-1 (R&D Systems, 1277-JG), DLL-1 (R&D Systems, 1818-DL), ONCOSTATIN M (R&D Systems, 295-OM), LIF (R&D Systems, 7734-LF), and CNTF (R&D Systems, 257-NT) (all at 10 ng/mL concentration).
Astro-2 medium was composed of DMEM/F12 base medium supplemented with N2 (Gibco), B27 complete (Gibco, 17504044), 1% lipid supplement (Gibco, 11905031), and the recombinant proteins JAGGED1, DLL-1, ONCOSTATIN M, LIF, and CNTF (all at 10 ng/mL concentration) (R&D Systems).
Astro-3 medium was composed of DMEM/F12 base medium supplemented with N2, B27 with vitamin A, 1% lipid supplement (Gibco), and JAGGED1, DLL-1, LIF, CNTF (all at 10 ng/mL concentration), hNRG1/EGF domain (20 ng/mL, R&D Systems, 396-HB), 2 μM forskolin (Tocris, 1099), 200 nM phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (Tocris, 1201), 40 ng/mL triiodothyronine T3 (Tocris, 6666), and 200 μM ascorbic acid (Tocris, 4055).

Jovanovic V.M., Weber C., Slamecka J., Ryu S., Chu P.H., Sen C., Inman J., De Sousa J.F., Barnaeva E., Hirst M., Galbraith D., Ormanoglu P., Jethmalani Y., Mercado J.C., Michael S., Ward M.E., Simeonov A., Voss T.C., Tristan C.A, & Singeç I. (2023). A defined roadmap of radial glia and astrocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports, 18(8), 1701-1720.

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Neuronal Cell Culture Media Formulation

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DMEM/F-12 (Caisson Labs, Cat No. DFL15)

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Neurobasal medium (Thermo Fisher, Cat No. 12348017)

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Insulin (Santa Cruz, Cat No. sc-360248) 0.025% (v/v)

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MEM-NEAA (Thermo Fisher, Cat No. 11140050) 1% (v/v)

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Glutamax supplement (Thermo Fisher, Cat No. 35050061) 1% (v/v)

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Penicillin/Streptomycin (Caisson Labs, Cat No. PSL01) 1% (v/v)

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N2 supplement (Thermo Fisher, Cat No. 17502048) 0.5% (v/v)

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B27 supplement without vitamin A (Thermo Fisher, Cat No. 12587010) 1% (v/v)

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β-Mercaptoethanol (Sigma, Cat No. M7522) 50 μM

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BDNF (R&D Systems, Cat No. 248-BDB-050) 20 ng/ml

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Ascorbic acid (Tocris, Cat No. 4055) 200 μM

Ressler A.K., Sampaio G.L., Dugger S.A., Sapir T., Krizay D., Boland M.J., Reiner O, & Goldstein D.B. (2022). Evidence of shared transcriptomic dysregulation of HNRNPU-related disorder between human organoids and embryonic mice. iScience, 26(1), 105797.

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Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding Assay

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Compounds used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) unless indicated otherwise: HEPES, sodium pyruvate (Gibco/ThermoFisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA), penicillin/streptomycin, 2-mercaptoethanol, D-glucose, bovine serum albumin (BSA; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), EDTA, ascorbic acid, S-(−)-propranolol, R-(−)-deprenyl hydrochloride, pargyline hydrochloride, clorgyline hydrochloride, yohimbine (Tocris, Bristol, United Kingdom), haloperidol, clozapine, olanzapine (Tocris), and [³H]RX821002 (Perkin Elmer, Billerica, MA).

Aslanoglou D., Bertera S., Sánchez-Soto M., Benjamin Free R., Lee J., Zong W., Xue X., Shrestha S., Brissova M., Logan R.W., Wollheim C.B., Trucco M., Yechoor V.K., Sibley D.R., Bottino R, & Freyberg Z. (2021). Dopamine regulates pancreatic glucagon and insulin secretion via adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors. Translational Psychiatry, 11, 59.

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Neuronal Differentiation from NPCs

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Neuronal Precursor Cells (NPC) were maintained in NPC media, containing DMEM/F12 with Glutamax (Cat. #10565010, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), 1X B27 Supplement, minus Vitamin A (Cat. #12587070, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), 1X N-2 Supplement (100X) (Cat. #17502048, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), Laminin (Cat. #A25607, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA) and FGF2 (Joint Protein Central, Korea).
Differentiation of NPCs to neurons was performed for varying differentiation times including 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks with media change every 48hrs. Differentiation media contained DMEM/F12 with Glutamax (Cat. #10565010, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), 1X B27 Supplement (Cat. #17502048, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), 1X N-2 Supplement (100X) (Cat. #17502048, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), Laminin (Cat. #A25607, ThermoFisher Scientific, MA), BDNF (Cat. #450–02-1mg, Peprotech, NJ, United States), GDNF (Cat. #450–10-1mg, Peprotech, NJ, United States), 1 mM dibutryl cyclicAMP (cAMP) (Cat. #1141, Tocris Bioscience, UK (and 200 nM ascorbic acid (Cat. #72132, StemCell Technologies, United States).

Mishra P., Sivakumar A., Johnson A., Pernaci C., Warden A.S., El-Hachem L.R., Hansen E., Badell-Grau R.A., Khare V., Ramirez G., Gillette S., Solis A.B., Guo P., Coufal N, & Cherqui S. (2024). Gene editing improves endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contacts and unfolded protein response in Friedreich’s ataxia iPSC-derived neurons. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1323491.

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Parkinson's Disease Rat Model Protocol

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Animals were anesthetized by inhalation of isofluorane gas (3 % administrated at 1.5 L/min), and then mounted onto a stereotactic frame with a nose-cone for anesthesia delivery. 6-OHDA hydrobromide (10 μg) was dissolved in 2 μL of 0.9 % ice-cold saline containing 0.02 % ascorbic acid (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) and injected to the right striatum at following coordinates (in mm) relative to bregma: AP +0.24, LM +3.6, DV -3.8 (Paxmos and Watson, 1982[28 ]). Also, rats were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 25 mg/ kg desipramine (Sigma Chemical Co., USA) 30 min prior to the 6-OHDA injection to prevent noradrenergic neuronal loss at the injection site (Mahmoudi et al., 2011[21 (link)]).
In the OH+CDNF group, 2 weeks following induction of PD, 10 µg of recombinant human CDNF (PeproTech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) in 4 µL of PBS was injected to the right SVZ at following coordinates: AP +0.24, LM +1.8, DV -3.8 (Paxmos and Watson, 1982[28 ]). Sham model rats were only injected with 2 μL vehicle of 6-OHDA (0.9 % saline containing 0.02 % (w/v) ascorbic acid) into the striatum. Furthermore, 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in the OH+Vehicle group received 4 µL of PBS (vehicle of CDNF) into the SVZ. The protocol of our experimental design is summarized in Figure 1(Fig. 1).

Nasrolahi A., Mahmoudi J., Karimipour M., Akbarzadeh A., Sadigh-Eteghad S., Salehi R., Farajdokht F, & Farhoudi M. (2019). Effect of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor on endogenous neural progenitor cell migration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. EXCLI Journal, 18, 139-153.

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