Phenylhydrazine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, India

Phenylhydrazine is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic pungent odor. Phenylhydrazine serves as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and organic compounds.

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Lab products found in correlation

54 protocols using phenylhydrazine

Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Anemia

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Adult C57BL/6 mice were injected (s.c.) with freshly prepared phenylhydrazine (Sigma) (1× PBS, pH7.4; 90 mg·kg⁻¹; body weight).

Gouveia Z., Carlos A.R., Yuan X., Aires‐da‐Silva F., Stocker R., Maghzal G.J., Leal S.S., Gomes C.M., Todorovic S., Iranzo O., Ramos S., Santos A.C., Hamza I., Gonçalves J, & Soares M.P. (2017). Characterization of plasma labile heme in hemolytic conditions. The Febs Journal, 284(19), 3278-3301.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazones

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Ethyl acetoacetate (EAA), phenylhydrazine,
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP), hydrazine hydrate, p-aminoacetophenone, sodium nitrite, benzaldehyde, 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde,
4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde,
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde, sodium
hydroxide, ethyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid
(TCA), sodium pyrophosphate, reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric
acid (TBA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis,
MO, USA). Doxorubicin HCl injection, USP, was purchased from Pfizer
injectables.

Noser A.A., Shehadi I.A., Abdelmonsef A.H, & Salem M.M. (2022). Newly Synthesized Pyrazolinone Chalcones as Anticancer Agents via Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. ACS Omega, 7(29), 25265-25277.

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Enrichment and Isolation of Ookinetes

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Ookinetes were enriched by a protocol as described previously (Sinden et al., 1985 (link)) with slight modification. Swiss albino mice were treated with 1.2 mg phenylhydrazine (Sigma-Aldrich), in 0.9% NaCl, 2–3 days prior to infection. WT GFP (Al-Nihmi et al., 2017 (link)) or Pbstk2 KO parasites were intraperitoneally injected into phenylhydrazine treated mice. When parasitemia reached to 8–10%, 30 µl of blood was collected from the tail vein. Infected blood was added to 2 ml RPMI 1640 supplemented with 24 mM sodium bicarbonate, 50.000 I.U. neomycin (Stock solution of 10.000 µg/ml; Gibco) and 20% (v/v) FBS (Gibco). These were samples were incubated at 20°C. Zygote, retorts and ookinetes were harvested at 2 h, 8 h, and 20 h, respectively.

Jillapalli R., Narwal S.K., Kolli S.K., Mastan B.S., Segireddy R.R., Dey S., Srivastava P.N., Mishra S, & Kumar K.A. (2019). A Plasmodium berghei putative serine-threonine kinase 2 (PBANKA_0311400) is required for late liver stage development and timely initiation of blood stage infection. Biology Open, 8(8), bio042028.

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Comprehensive Glycoprotein Analysis Protocol

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Girard's reagent T (GT), phenylhydrazine, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), lactose (Lac), ribonuclease B (RNase B), ovalbumin (chicken egg white albumin), bovine fetuin, 3’-sialyllactose (3’-SL, α2,3-linked sialic acid), 6’-sialyllactose (6’-SL, α2,6-linked sialic acid), 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) hydrochloride 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) hydrate, DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), β-cyclodextrin and peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F; supplied glycerol free) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade solvents (acetonitrile, ethanol) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Water was obtained through a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Nonporous graphitized carbon (150 mg/4 mL) solid phase extraction (SPE) columns were obtained from Alltech Associates (Deerfield, IL, USA). Sep-Pak C18 (3 cc) solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were obtained from Water Corporation (Milford, Massachusetts, USA). Human serum was obtained from a healthy volunteer in Xi'an Jiaotong Hospital. The research investigations were performed after obtained the informed consent and in accordance with an institutional review board protocol approved by the Human Research Ethic Committee at the Jiaotong Hospital. All other chemicals were purchased from Aladdin Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Zhang Y., Wang B., Jin W., Wen Y., Nan L., Yang M., Liu R., Zhu Y., Wang C., Huang L., Song X, & Wang Z. (2018). Sensitive and robust MALDI-TOF-MS glycomics analysis enabled by Girard's reagent T on-target derivatization (GTOD) of reducing glycans. Analytica chimica acta, 1048, 105-114.

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Hepatoprotective Evaluation of Pharmacological Agents

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Phenylhydrazine (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), paracetamol (Merck), Silymarin (Silybon, Micro labs), Dexamethasone (DXM) injection (Life care pharmaceuticals), ketamine HCl (Aneket, Neon labs), Total Bilirubin kit, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) (Coral Clinical Systems, Mumbai) were used in present study. Drug solutions were prepared fresh in distilled water and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C. The doses prepared were based upon the previous studies and shown to be pharmacologically active.[10 11 12 ]

Patil R.A, & Makwana A.B. (2015). Anti-hyperbilirubinemic and wound healing activity of aqueous extract of Calotropis procera leaves in Wistar rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 47(4), 398-402.

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Phenylhydrazine Injection in Mice

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Phenylhydrazine (Sigma Aldrich P26252-100G) was dissolved in sterile PBS immediately before treatment. Mice were I.P. injected with 0.1 mg/g Phenylhydrazine in 100 μl.

Lissner M.M., Cumnock K., Davis N.M., Vilches-Moure J.G., Basak P., Navarrete D.J., Allen J.A, & Schneider D. (2020). Metabolic profiling during malaria reveals the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in regulating kidney injury. eLife, 9, e60165.

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Fluorescent Probe for Oxidative Stress

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DMSO, 99.9%, DHE (dihydroethidium), CBA (Coumarin boronic acid), COH (7-hydroxycoumarin), >98.0% (HPLC), phenylhydrazine, artemisinin and RPMI 1640 medium were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Quentin Fallavier, France. Formic acid (Optima for LC–MS), ammonium acetate (Optima for LC–MS), acetonitrile (HPLC gradient grade), methanol, (HPLC gradient grade) and phosphate buffer saline were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Illkirch, France. 2OH-E⁺ was synthesized following the protocol of Zielonka et al. [8 (link)].

Tsamesidis I., Egwu C.O., Pério P., Augereau J.M., Benoit-Vical F, & Reybier K. (2020). An LC–MS Assay to Measure Superoxide Radicals and Hydrogen Peroxide in the Blood System. Metabolites, 10(5), 175.

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In Vitro Culture of P. berghei Ookinetes

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In vitro culture of P. berghei ookinetes were performed as previously described^{34 (link)}. Briefly, mice were injected i.p. with 200 μL of 10 mg/mL phenylhydrazine/1× PBS (Sigma). Three days later, mice were infected i.p. with 10⁸P. berghei-GFP iRBCs. Three days later, the P. berghei gametocyte-enriched blood was collected by cardiac puncture and cultured in 25 mL flasks with ookinete culture medium containing 0.5 µg/µL of halofenozide in 100% acetone (1:1000 dilution) or an equal volume of 100% acetone, for 24 h at 19 °C with gentle agitation. Parasites were fixed with 4% w/v paraformaldehyde and stained with an anti-Pbs21 antibody^{35 (link)}. Pbs21-positive cells including gametes and zygotes (round forms), retorts and ookinetes were counted under a fluorescence microscope.

Reynolds R.A., Kwon H., Alves e Silva T.L., Olivas J., Vega-Rodriguez J, & Smith R.C. (2020). The 20-hydroxyecdysone agonist, halofenozide, promotes anti-Plasmodium immunity in Anopheles gambiae via the ecdysone receptor. Scientific Reports, 10, 21084.

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Genetic Mouse Models for mTOR Signaling

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Vav-iCre (#008610), hCD2-iCre (#008520) Tsc1^fl/fl (#005680), and Rptor^fl/fl (#013188) mice were obtained from Jackson laboratory. Rabbit anti-pS6 235/236 (Cell Signaling, Danvers MA #4858, 1:1000), rabbit anti-pS6 240/244 (Cell Signaling #5364, 1:1000), mouse anti-total S6 (Cell Signaling #2317, 1:500), rabbit anti-p4E-BP1 Ser65 (Cell Signaling #9456, 1:500), rabbit anti-4E-BP1 rabbit anti-alpha globin (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA #EPR3608, 1:5000), rabbit anti-neuron-specific enolase (Immunostar, Hudson, WI #22521, 1:100), and HRP-conjugated rabbit anti-actin (Cell Signaling #5125, 1:2500) were used for immunoblotting. KU-0063794 was from Selleckchem (Houston, TX), MLN0128 was from Active Biochem (Maplewood, NJ), phenylhydrazine was from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), and rapamycin was from LC Labs (Woburn, MA).

Knight Z.A., Schmidt S.F., Birsoy K., Tan K, & Friedman J.M. (2014). A critical role for mTORC1 in erythropoiesis and anemia. eLife, 3, e01913.

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Antioxidant Evaluation of Ferrous Ascorbate

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Phenylhydrazine and DPPH^- (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (USA). The standard anti-anemic drug was obtained from Fefoli^®, a patent suspension that is formulated as 100 mg of ferrous ascorbate +1.5 mg of folic acid/mL in 150 mL bottle, a product of Metlar^® Formulations (India). All other chemicals/solutions/reagents used were of analytical grade. Reagents used for detection of phenolic and flavonoid phytochemical groups were prepared in our laboratory.

Gheith I, & El-Mahmoudy A. (2018). Laboratory evidence for the hematopoietic potential of Beta vulgaris leaf and stalk extract in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 51(11), e7722.

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