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14 protocols using pyrrole

1

Graphene Oxide and Conducting Polymer Synthesis

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Graphene oxide powder (analytical grade) was purchased from Jiazhaoye New Materials Co., Ltd. (Suzhou, China). Pyrrole (analytical grade, 99%) was purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Ferric chloride hexahydrate (reagent grade) was purchased from Tianjin Yongda Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Silver nitrate (AgNO3, analytical grade) was purchased from Tianjin Tiangan Chemical Technology Development Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Xinhui citrus was purchased from Xinhui District Tianma Production Area (Jiangmen, China). Kombucha SCOBY was purchased from Kombucha Enzyme Co., Ltd. (Zhanjiang, China).
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2

Thrombin-Binding Aptamer Assay

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Methyl 4-formylbenzoate, pyrrole, ethyl acetate, methylene blue (MB), PtCl2, benzonitrile potassium ferricyanide, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co. Propionic acid, tetrahydrofuran and CH2Cl2 were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Co. Thrombin, bovine serum protein (BSA), and human serum protein (HSA) were purchased from Shanghai Yisheng Biotechnology Co. The oligonucleotide chains were purchased from Suzhou Hongxun Biotechnology Co.
Aptamer: 5′- CACTGTGGTTGGTGT GGTTGG-3′
Capture probe: 5′- CCAACCACAGTG-3′
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3

In situ Electropolymerization of SSM/PPY(AOT) Membrane

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The SSM/PPY(AOT) membrane was prepared by implementing an in situ electro-polymerization strategy (Figure 1) using pyrrole (99%, Macklin, Shanghai, China), sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (commonly abbreviated as AOT; 96%, Macklin, China), and SSM (Anping Metal Ltd., Anping, China) as polymeric monomer, dopant, and base material, respectively. The pyrrole was pre-purified by vacuum distillation and stored at 4 °C prior to use.
For electro-polymerization, the SSM (working electrode), platinum plate (counter electrode), and Ag/AgCl electrode (reference electrode) were immersed in an electrolyte solution (Figure 1) which contained 0.30 M pyrrole as monomer, 0.1 M AOT as dopant, and 0.2 mM FeCl3 as catalyst. An electrochemical workstation (CHI660E, CH Instruments, Shanghai, China) was used to apply electrical power to initiate the polymerization. After 45 min electrochemical deposition at a constant current density of 1.0 mA/cm2, the resultant membrane was thoroughly rinsed with deionized (DI) water.
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4

Apoptosis Detection Assay Protocol

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FeCl3 was purchased from Kemai Laboratory Supplies Management Department (Wuhan, China). NaCl and Heparin sodium were supplied by Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. Reagents for selenium dioxides and pyrrole were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Cell apoptosis was detected using the Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit (Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and RPMI-1640 was obtained from Sigma (Shanghai, China). Aldrich. Unless otherwise noted, all commercial reagents were used as received. Experiments were carried out using ultra-pure water (18.25 MΩ*cm, 25°C).
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5

Zirconium-Based Anticancer Therapy

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4-hydroxybenzaldehyde was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Lenexa, USA). Propionic acid and pyrrole were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O), l-Buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine (BSO) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were provided by Aladdin (Shanghai, China). The cell culturing reagents were supplied by Meilun Biotechnology (Dalian, China). All test kits and fluorescent probes used in cell experiments were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Nantong, China) and Thermo Fisher Scientific, respectively. All the antibodies used in western blotting were offered by Abcam (Cambridge, England). The antibodies using for flow cytometry were offered by Proteintech Group, Inc. (Chicago, USA). The other chemical reagents were analytically pure and provided by Concord Technology Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China).
4T1 cell line was purchased from Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cells were grown in DMEM medium with 10% FBS and antibiotics (100 U/ml penicillin-streptomycin). The cells were incubated at 37 ℃ under 5% CO2.
Female BALB/c mice (5 weeks old, 18–20 g) were purchased from Huafukang Biological Technology Co. Ltd (Beijing, China). The procedures of animal experiments were in compliance with ethics of animal experimentation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.
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6

Alkali Lignin-based Polymer Synthesis

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Alkali lignin (Wn = 1000−10,000) was purchased from Qunlin paper Group Co., China. 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), pyrrole (PY), aniline (ANI) were supplied by Macklin. Ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), and acrylamide (AM) were purchased from KESHI Chemical Works in Chengdu.
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7

Sterilization and Synthesis of Electrochemical Sensors

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The CPM filters (which involve PP and activated carbon) have been sterilized by a vacuum ultraviolet lamp (ZW4D15Y-Z212, COMWIN, China) for 10 min after recycling. Pyrrole was acquired from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Dopamine hydrochloride (DA, Sigma-H8502) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Manganese dioxide (MnO2, 98.8 %), carbon black (99.5 %), iron trichloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), ethanol absolute, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, ≥99.5 %), and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (≥99.5 %) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were analytical reagents.
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8

Hydrogel-Based Biosensing Platform

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Sodium hyaluronate (HA, average molecular mass of 100 to 200 kDa), GOx, HRP, pyrrole, DA, RhB, H&E staining solution, and LB broth were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO3)2·6H2O] and 2-methylimidazole were acquired from Aladdin. MTT, living/dead cell double-staining kit (calcein-AM/PI), and BCA protein assay kit were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co.
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9

Synthesis of Cobalt-Pyrrole Nanocomposite

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Cobalt(ii) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)3·6H2O) was purchased from Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd. Pyrrole was obtained from Macklin Reagent Company. Ammonium persulfate was purchased from Tianjin Kaitong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Urea ((NH2)2CO) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) were obtained from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was purchased from Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd. All chemicals used were of analytical grade and did not require further purification. The ultrapure water used in this experiment had a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm.
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10

Pyrrole-based Electrochemical Synthesis

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The pyrrole was bought from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Na2CO3, NaClO4, Na2HPO4·12H2O, NaH2PO4·2H2O, NH4Cl, KCl, CH3COONa, and K3[Fe(CN)6] were acquired from Aladdin Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). CC was purchased from Toray Industries, Inc. (Shanghai, China). Cation exchange membranes (1201) were bought from Grion Environmental Technology (Hangzhou, China). Power Soil DNA Isolation Kit was bought from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany).
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