Chicken eggshells were washed with water to remove the contaminants, then crushed by used planetary ball mill until 100 meshes. After being crushed, the material was calcined at 1000 °C for 5 h for the complete conversion of CaCO3 to CaO. The phase composition of the material was characterized by XRF (Rigaku NEX CG).
Nex cg
Manufactured by Rigaku
Sourced in Japan
The NEX CG is an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer manufactured by Rigaku. It is designed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a wide range of elements in solid, liquid, and powder samples. The NEX CG utilizes a high-power X-ray tube and advanced detector technology to provide accurate and reliable results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
K alpha, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Toc vcsh ssm 5000a, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Multiflex, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Su8000, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Avance 400, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Heraeus pico 21, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sms100, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Icpe 9000, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Multiwave pro, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
Tga 701, by Leco (1 mentions)
Protein n analyser fp 528, by Leco (1 mentions)
7 protocols using nex cg
1
Chicken Eggshell Calcination for CaO
2
Soil Characterization and Contamination Assessment
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The type of soil was determined by standard particle size analysis using a series of screens (>75 μm) and a laser diffractometer (<75 μm) (L200, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA). For the chemical and mineralogical analyses, the samples were manually ground to <50 μm using an agate mortar and pestle and then analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF, NEXCG, Rigaku Corporation, Japan) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, MultiFlex, Rigaku Corporation, Japan). XRD peaks were identified using the Match!® software (Crystal Impact, Germany). To measure the total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (IC) contents of soil samples, a total carbon analyser equipped with a solid sample combustion unit (TOC-VCSH-SSM-5000A, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) was used. Selected soil samples were also examined by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS, InTouchScope™, JSM-IT200, JEOL Ltd., Japan).
Four indices—geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and contamination degree (CD)—were determined to evaluate the extent of contamination in the study area due to ASGM activities (Adewumi and Laniyan, 2020 (link)). Descriptions and details of how these indices were determined are provided as supplementary information.
Four indices—geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), and contamination degree (CD)—were determined to evaluate the extent of contamination in the study area due to ASGM activities (Adewumi and Laniyan, 2020 (link)). Descriptions and details of how these indices were determined are provided as supplementary information.
3
Comprehensive Material Characterization
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The morphology of the obtained samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SU8000, Hitachi High-Technologies Co., Tokyo, Japan). The structural properties were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, DX-2600, Haoyuan Instrument Co., Ltd., Dan-dong, China). The coordination states of materials were inspected by solid-state nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR, Avance 400, Bruker BioSpin GMBH, Rheinstetten, Germany) under 104.26 MHz, 79.5 MHz, and 105.84 MHz for 27Al, 29Si, and 23Na measurements, in which AlClO4, Si(CH3)4, and NaCl were used for the standard samples, respectively. The elemental composition was measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF, NEX CG, Rigaku Co., Tokyo, Japan). The specific surface area was measured using BET (Flow Prep 60, Micromeritics Instrument, Norcross, GA, USA). The chemical bonding states were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS, K-Alpha, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
4
XRF Characterization of Au-Cu and Au-Cu-Pd Salts
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X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was performed with a Rigaku NEX CG (Rigaku, The Woodlands, TX, USA). Au-Cu and Au-Cu-Pd salt samples were prepared as indicated in Section 2.1 and then centrifuged with a Thermo Scientific Heraeus Pico 21 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 21.1 xG. The supernatants were removed, and the salts were resuspended in deionized water. Centrifugation and resuspension in fresh deionized water was repeated for three cycles.
5
Sulfur Content in Ce-LDH via XRF
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To determine the sulfur content of the Ce-LDH, as a function of the calcination temperature, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was performed. The XRF-spectra of the powder samples were recorded under air on a Rigaku NeXCG (Tokyo, Japan) where the primary X-rays are delivered by a copper X-ray tube. The detection is performed by a multi-channel analyzer.
6
Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol
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Determination of the oxide content was performed using an Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (ED-XRF). The manufacturer is Rigaku (Tokyo, Japan) instrument model NEX CG. The samples were previously sieved to a particle size of 50 µm and tableted on a manual hydraulic press Specac with a power of 15 tons for 30 s. The prepared tableted samples were then measured. Determination of annealing loss was performed with a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), manufacturer: LECO, model TGA 701. Heavy metal content in the ash was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Excitation Spectrometry (ICP-OES) on the Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) Model ICPE 9000. Samples were previously diluted by microwave digestion using the Anton Paar Multiwave PRO. Mercury content was determined using a mercury analyzer Perkin Elmer (Akron, OH, USA) model SMS 100.
7
Seaweed Composition Analysis Protocol
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Pre- and post-ensiled seaweed samples were analysed for dry matter (DM) (AOAC 930.15) and ash (AOAC 942.05) according to AOAC official methods [24 ]. Neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) was measured according to Van Soest et al. [25 (link)] and modified according to Mertens [26 (link)], using sodium sulphite and heat-stable α-amylase; results were expressed inclusive of ash. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin (sulphuric acid) were analysed according to AOAC [24 ] and Robertson and Van Soest [27 ], respectively. Nitrogen (N) content was analysed using a Leco Protein/NAnalyser (FP-528, Leco Corp., St Joseph, MI, USA) and crude protein (CP) was calculated using N×5.0, as suggested by Angell et al. [28 (link)]. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, expressed as glucose equivalents, was determined using the anthrone–sulphuric acid method, as described by McDonald and Henderson [29 (link)]. The mineral composition was measured using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer (Rigaku, NEX CG, Tokyo, Japan). Porphyra umbilicalis (NCS ZC73021), was used as certified reference material; a variability of ± 20% (of recovery) was considered acceptable. All chemical analyses were carried out in triplicate.
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