Six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice weighed 15-20 g and were purchased from the Laboratory animal center of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Shanxi, China, animal license number: SYXK (Jin) 2019-0003) and kept in the specified pathogen-free (SPF) condition at 22-23°C with a standard 12 h light/dark cycle. All mice have free access to food and water. Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group). The control group was given a normal diet; the HKL group received HKL (40 mg/kg wt. purity≥98%, Yuanye, China) dissolved in olive oil (Yuanye, China) via oral gavage (10ul/g) from D1 to D12; the DSS group received DSS (3% w/v, g/ml, 36-50 kDa, Yeasen, China) via drinking water D6-D12; the DSS+HKL group pretreated with HKL for five days and then received 3% DSS for seven days with HKL gavage once a day. The control and DSS groups received olive oil (10ul/g) once daily by gavage during the experimental period. The Animal Ethics Committee approved all animal procedures of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (Approval No. DW2022051).
Dextran sulfate sodium (dss)
Manufactured by Yeasen
Sourced in China
The DSS is a compact and versatile lab equipment designed for diverse scientific applications. It functions as a digital solvent selector, allowing users to precisely control and monitor solvent parameters such as temperature, flow rate, and composition. The DSS is built with high-quality components to ensure reliable performance and consistent results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Triazole reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Cd80 pe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Calcein am pi, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Anti cd16 pe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cd3 apc, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
P iκbα, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Cd11c fitc, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Human tnf α, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cd206 pe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cd11b fitc, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
F4 80 pe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Il 6 elisa kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Gapdh, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Annexin 5 fitc pi apoptosis detection kit, by BD (1 mentions)
Curcumin, by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
Epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), by Maclin Biochemical Technology (1 mentions)
2 7 dichlorofluorescein diacetate dcfh da, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Meilun (1 mentions)
Balb c mice, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Baicalein, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
23 protocols using dextran sulfate sodium (dss)
1
Investigating DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice
2
Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer
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Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and azoxymethane (AOM) were obtained from Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Antibodies of p-IκBα, p-p65, IκBα, p65, and GAPDH were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States). Human TNF-α and the IL-6 ELISA kit were obtained from eBioscience (Vienna, Austria). Anti–CD16-PE, CD11c-FITC, CD11b-FITC, F4/80-PE, CD-3-APC, CD80-PE, and CD206-PE were obtained from eBioscience (Minneapolis, MN, United States). The Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit was obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, United States). Calcein-AM/PI was acquired from Beyotime (Haimen, China). PDTC was purchased from MedchemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, United States). Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
3
Ulcerative Colitis Model in Rats
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All rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group (Ctrl), DSS group (DSS), DSS + NBD group (NBD,17 g/kg), DSS + FMT group (FMT, 0.5 g/kg) and DSS + NBD + FMT group (NBD,17 g/kg; FMT, 0.5 g/kg). Except for the Ctrl group, which was given water, rats in the other four groups were given 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) (Yeasen Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) for 7 days to establish the UC model and then were then provided with water for another 3 days. The DSS + NBD group, DSS + FMT group and the combination group were treated with NBD, FMT and NBD combined with FMT from the second day of DSS intervention respectively. All rats were anesthetized by inhalation of 3% isoflurane (WANQING chemical Glass warey & Instrument Co., Ltd.) and sacrifced by cervical dislocation. After anesthetic euthanasia, the colons were removed, rinsed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and measured. The colons and feces were cryopreserved at − 80 °C until further analysis.
4
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects
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Active baker's Yeast was purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd. (Yichang, China). Curcumin and EGCG were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). DSS was purchased from Yeasen (Shanghai, China). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was purchased from Sevier (Wuhan, China). 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Fluorescent lipophilic dyes (DiL and DiR) were purchased from Promokine (Heidelberg, Germany). MTT, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay kit, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and antibodies (CD86, CD80, and CD206) were purchased from Meilun Bio (Dalian, China).
5
Oral Gavage of OMVs for Gut Disorder
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All animals used here were 6- to 8-week-old female Balb/c mice, which were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Beijing, China) and Jiesijie (Shanghai, China). All animal experiments were performed under the guidelines evaluated and approved by the ethics committee of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (A2020033). To induce gut disorder, mice were daily fed with distilled water containing 5% DSS (60316ES60, YEASEN) for 10 days. Then, pretreated mice were fed with 100 μl of OMV suspension containing 20 μg of proteins by oral gavage for five consecutive days. For OMV gavage, suspension of 20 μg of proteins of OMVs was measured using bicinchoninic acid assay (P0010, Beyotime Biotechnology). PBS was used as a control.
6
Preventive Effects of C. butyricum on Colitis
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Male C57BL6J mice were kept in the temperature-controlled room (21 ± 3°C) under a 12h-12h dark-light cycle. After 1 week of acclimation, the mice were allocated into groups according to their body weight. Colitis was induced by the administration of DSS (MW: 36 − 50 kDa, Yeasen Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) through the drinking water. To investigate the preventive impact of C. butyricum on colitis, the mice were pretreated with or without C. butyricum (108 CFU) for 21 consecutive days and then given 3% DSS via drinking water for another 7 days followed by 3 days of recovery, n = 7 to 8 for each group. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2018ZAASLA20).
7
Preventive Effects of C. butyricum on Colitis
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Male C57BL6J mice were kept in the temperature-controlled room (21 ± 3°C) under a 12h-12h dark-light cycle. After 1 week of acclimation, the mice were allocated into groups according to their body weight. Colitis was induced by the administration of DSS (MW: 36 − 50 kDa, Yeasen Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) through the drinking water. To investigate the preventive impact of C. butyricum on colitis, the mice were pretreated with or without C. butyricum (108 CFU) for 21 consecutive days and then given 3% DSS via drinking water for another 7 days followed by 3 days of recovery, n = 7 to 8 for each group. All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2018ZAASLA20).
8
DSS-Induced Colitis and Therapeutic Treatments
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The male C57BL/6J mice weighing 18 to 22 g were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6), and the normal group was allowed to drink water freely. The other groups (DSS, NU6300, and NSA treatment groups) were given 3.25% DSS in drinking water (36,000 to 50,000 MW, Yeasen Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai) for 6 days, followed by regular drinking water for 5 days. Meanwhile, the treatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with NU6300 (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or NSA (20 mg/kg) as the positive group for five consecutive days. Daily weight loss was recorded, and DAI was monitored throughout the experiment based on body weight, stool consistency, and hemoccult. The mice were sacrificed on day 11, and the colons were collected for determination of colon length, H&E staining analysis, cytokine analysis, and immunoblot assay.
9
Chronic Colitis Mouse Model Using DSS
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Chronic colitis mice models were established by administering three 7-day-long cycles of 2.5% DSS (36–50 kDa, Yeasen Biotech Co., Ltd., China). Each cycle was followed by a recovery phase of 14 days with normal drinking water before the next cycle began. The entire treatment protocol lasted 63 days [16 (link)]. The mice in the treatment groups were given 10 mg/kg STV-Na or 50 mg/kg 5-ASA twice a day for all 63 days via intraperitoneal administration and oral gavage. In the IFX groups, mice were administered 10 mg/kg IFX intraperitoneally every ten days during the three cycles of the DSS treatment (Figure 1(b) ). 5-ASA and IFX were used as positive control drugs and administered to the mice at dosages corresponding to those used clinically [17 (link), 18 (link)]. Body weights were monitored every 3–4 days. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiments for the spleen and colon tissue sample collection.
10
Experimental Colitis Induction in C57BL/6 Mice
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Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics and Experimentation Committee of Soochow University and carried out according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. AGP or DMSO diluted in PBS was intraperitoneally injected into mice at a dose of 25 mg/kg on alternate days, with the first dose administered one day before DSS administration. The experimental colitis model was induced in 10-week-old C57BL/6 male mice by administering 3.5% DSS (MW: 36,000–50,000 Da; Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, 60316ES76) for seven days, followed by administration of normal water for three days. Mice were sacrificed on the tenth day, and colon tissues were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and RT-PCR analysis.
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