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5 protocols using ab75487

1

Immunoblotting of Mitochondrial Dynamics Proteins

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Primary antibodies were diluted using milk diluent/blocking solution concentrate (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA). Secondary antibodies were diluted in 5% skim milk in 1× Tris-buffered saline Tween (TBST). Antibodies used in this study are: anti-HAP40 (a.a. 293-310, 1:3300; LTK BioLaboratories, Taiwan), anti-ADRM1 (ab157218, 1:1000; Abcam), anti-Mfn1 (ab57602, 1:1000; Abcam), anti-Mfn2 (GTX102058, 1:500; GeneTex), anti-OPA1 (sc-30572, 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), anti-Fis1 (sc-98900, 1:200; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), anti-Drp1 (8570, 1:1000; Cell signaling), anti-phospho Drp1(Ser616) (3455, 1:1000; Cell signaling), anti-Parkin (ab15954, 1:1000; Abcam), anti-PINK1 (ab75487, 1:500; Abcam), anti-PHB1 (2426, 1:1000; Cell signaling), anti-Tubulin (T6074, 1:5000; Sigma), anti-GAPDH (MAB374, 1:500; Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents) and anti-Actin (MAB1501, 1:1000; Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents).
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2

Protein Expression Analysis of Treated Cells

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The total protein of different treated cells or tissues were extracted by RIPA lysis buffer (P0013B, Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology) and centrifugation. After the concentration measurements by BCA assay kit (Shenergy Biocolor Bioscience and Technology Company, Shanghai, China), equal amount of protein was denatured and separated by 12% SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (PVDF; Immobilon-P, Cat. No. IPVH00010). The membranes were blocked in TBS containing 0.05% tween20 (TBST) with 5% BSA and incubated with related primary antibodies in TBST with 3% BSA overnight. Then, they were incubated in second antibodies for 1 h, detected by use of the ECL kit (Millipore, Hercules, CA, USA) and analyzed by ImageJ software. The primary antibodies were used as follows: anti-PINK1 antibody (ab75487, Abcam), anti-p53 antibody (sc1312, Santa Cruz), anti-LC3B antibody (3868s, CST) and anti-cleaved caspase 3 antibody (9664s, CST).
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3

Molecular Mechanisms in Stroke-Induced Brain Injury

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Ipsilateral basal cortical samples facing the blood clots were extracted. Western blot was performed as described previously37 (link). Briefly, cortical samples were homogenized, and centrifuged (1000 × g, 10 min, 4 °C). The supernatant was further centrifuged, and then, the protein concentration was determined using the DC protein assay kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). An equal amount of protein (50 μg) was suspended in loading buffer, then denatured at 95 °C for 5 min, and loaded on an SDS-PAGE gel. After electrophoresis and transfer onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, the membranes were blocked with non-fat dry milk buffer for 2 h and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies for LC3 (2775, 1:1000, Cell Signaling), Atg5 (ab54033, 1:500, Abcam), Parkin (ab15954, 1:1000, Abcam), PINK1 (ab75487, 1:500, Abcam), NLRP3 (ab98151, 1:800, Abcam), ASC (ab155970, 1:1000, Abcam), caspase-1 (ab1872, 1:1000, Abcam), IL-1β (SC-23460, 1:500; Santa Cruz), IL-18 (ab71495, 1:1000; Abcam). The membranes were incubated with horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. The protein band densities were detected by X-ray film and quantified by ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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4

Investigating Molecular Mechanisms in Myeloma

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The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade®) was obtained from Selleckchem Chemicals LLC (Houston, TX). The thioredoxin inhibitor 2-[(1-methylpropyl) dithio]-1H-imidazole (PX12) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). The mitophagy inhibitor bafilomycin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) were purchased from GIBCO BRL (Grand Island, NY). The mTOR activator (MHY1485) and ERK activator (tert-butylhydroquinone; tBHQ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) at a concentration of 100 mM as a stock solution. Anti-PINK1 antibody (ab75487) and anti-LC3B antibody (ab51520) used for western blot analysis were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Anti-beta-actin antibody (A2228) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Anti-thioredoxin antibody (C63C6), anti-AKT antibody (9272), anti-mTOR antibody (2972), anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473, 4060) antibody, anti-phospho-mTOR (Ser2448, 5536) antibody, and anti-phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2, Thr202/Tyr204, 9101) antibody were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Human CD138 enrichment kit (EasySep™) was purchased from StemCell Technologies (Vancouver, BC, Canada).
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5

Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cell Death Imaging

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Cells were stained with 200 nM Mitotracker-deep Red FM (M22426, Life Technologies) in serum-free DMEM at 37°C absent from light for 30 min, then fixation with 4% PFA for hours. The fixed basal membrane and cells were then permeabilized for 30 min with 1% Triton X-100 or 0.2% Triton X-100 respectively, blocked with 1% BSA in PBS for 1 h and incubated with the primary antibodies overnight. The primary antibodies used in our present study were anti-PINK1 antibody (ab75487, Abcam), anti-Myosin VIIa antibody (25-6790, Proteus-biosciences; 138-1, DSHB), anti-parkin antibody (ab15954, Abcam), anti-Tom 20 antibody (sc-11415, Santa Cruz), anti-Lamp1 antibody (sc-8098, Santa Cruz), anti-LC3B antibody (3868s, CST), anti-p53 antibody (sc1312, Santa Cruz) and anti-cleaved caspase 3 antibody (9664s, CST). Then, they were incubated with secondary fluorescent antibodies and DAPI (D9542, Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h in dark after three times wash by PBS. The specimens then were observed through a laser scanning confocal microscope (TSC SPE, LEICA).
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