Theta lite tl 101

The surfaces were classified as either hydrophobic and superhydrophobic according to the water contact angle (WCA or θ). Thus, a surface with θ > 90° was considered to be hydrophobic, while if the water contact angle was >150°, and the sliding angle (SA) was lower than 5° or 10°, it was considered superhydrophobic [23 (link),24 (link)]. The apparent water contact angle was determined by means of a Video-Based Contact Angle Meter Theta Lite TL 101 model (Biolin Scientific, Espoo, Finland) and the images were analyzed by means of OneAttension software v 3.1 (Biolin Scientific, Espoo, Finland). A 5 µL drop of distilled water was deposited over the sample surface and data were recorded 20 s after the deposition of the droplet at room temperature. The measurements were carried out by averaging the measurements at 3 different positions.

The values of water contact angle formed on the surface of the synthesized hydrogels were measured (n = 3) by the sessile drop method [2 (link)] using an optical tensiometer (Theta Lite TL101; Biolin Scientific, Gothenburg, Sweden). Standardized 5 μL DW drops were dispensed directly onto the surface of disk-shaped specimens (diameter 10 mm, thickness 2 mm). Immediately after dispensing the drop, a dynamic reading in real time was taken of the right and left contact angles to the surface formed, using 20 frames/s for 20 s. The contact angle (θ) was recorded as the mean between the right and left readings.

Water contact angle (θ) was measured to estimate the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the scaffolds with an optical tensiometer Theta Lite TL 101 (Biolin Scientific, Espoo, Finland). A 20 µL droplet of distilled water was poured on the scaffold surface at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C) and the contact angle was measured by the included software (OneAttension v1.0, Biolin Scientific).