Ceftizoxime

Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the three ESBL-producing isolates and seven non-ESBL-producing isolates were evaluated using the disk diffusion method to Piperacillin 100 μg (PIP), Moxalactam 30 μg (MOX), Ceftazidime 30 μg (CAZ), Cefixime 5 μg (CFM), Cefepime 30 μg (FEP), Cefotaxime 30 μg (CTX), Cephalexin 30 μg (CL), Caphazolin 30 μg (CZ), Ceftriaxone 30 μg (CRO), Cefoxitin 30 μg (FOX), Piperacillin/Tazobactam 100/10 μg (TZP), Cefuroxime 30 μg (CXM), Cefaclor 30 μg (CEC), Ampicillin/Sulbactam 10/10 μg (SAM), Cefoperazone 75 μg (CFP), Ceftizoxime 30 μg (ZOX), Aztreonam 30 μg (ATM), Meropenem 10 μg (MEM), Imipenem 10 μg (IPM), Kanamycin 30 μg (K), Streptomycin 10 μg (S), Ofloxacin 5 μg (OFX), Norfloxacin 10 μg (NOR), CiprOfloxacin 5 μg (CIP); Gatifloxacin 5 μg (GTX), Chloramphenicol 30 μg (C), Azithromycin 15 μg (AZM), Doxycycline 30 μg (TE), Minocycline 30 μg (MH), Compound Sulfamethoxazole 23.75/1.25 μg (SMZ), and Trimethoprim 5 μg (TMP) (Oxoid, Basingstoke, United Kingdom). The results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922 was used as a control for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

A modified form of the Kirby Bauer method was employed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine specimens [20 (link),21 ]. The antibiotics tested included co-trimoxazole, ceftizoxime, chloramphenicol, cephalexin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ampicillin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and levofloxacin (Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, UK). The antibiotic susceptibility testing procedure that was employed is briefly described as follows. Pure culture of the test organism was emulsified in peptone water until the turbidity was comparable with that of 0.5% McFarland’s standard solution. A loopful of the suspension of the test organism was transferred onto a Mueller–Hinton agar plate, and a sterile cotton swab was then used to streak the entire surface of the agar. Sterile forceps were used to apply the antibiotic discs to the surface of the agar plate and incubated at 37 °C for 18–24 h. Zone diameters formed around the antibiotic discs were measured and classified as sensitive or resistant based on the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) break point system [21 ].