Asap 2010c

Materials: Anhydrous aluminum chloride (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China); sodium hydroxide (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.); ammonium hydroxide (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.); hydrochloric acid (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.); Isopropoxy trioleate oxy titanate (Nanjing Nengde New Material Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China); γ-Fe₂O₃ magnetic powder (Tangyin Zhongke Magneto Electric Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China) (the purity was greater than 99%).
Instruments: The crystalline phases of as-prepared catalysts were analyzed using XRD in the range of 2θ = 10–80° (X’TRA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Walthamm, MA, USA). The spectra of the catalysts were recorded on an X-ray diffractometer with Cu Ka radiation (k = 1.5418 Å), and the scanning rate was 10° per min. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared samples were examined using SEM with an S-3400N II (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The infrared spectra of the resins in the range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹ were collected using a Nexus870 spectrophotometer (Nicolet, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Walthamm, MA, USA). The BET surface area and pore diameter of the catalysts were determined using an automatic analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP-2010C, Norcross, GA, USA) with N2 as the adsorbate.

Hydrogen chemisorption was carried out by means of an ASAP 2010C sorptometer (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Samples had previously been reduced with H₂ at 400◦C (673 K) during 2 h. Then the samples were evacuated in a sorptometer at room temperature for 0.25 h, then at 350 °C (623 K) for 1 h. After 1 h, the samples were reduced with a hydrogen flow (2.4 L/h) at 350◦C (623 K) and degassed for 2 h at 350◦C (623 K). Hydrogen chemisorption studies were performed at 35 °C (308 K). The platinum dispersion was determined from the total amount of chemically adsorbed hydrogen. The following equation was used to calculate the metal surface area S [29 (link)]: $$S=\frac{v_m·N_A·n·a_m·100}{22414·m·wt}\left[m^2·g_{Pt}^{-1}\right]$$
where v_m—volume of adsorbed hydrogen (cm³), N_A—Avogadro’s number (6.022 × 1023 mol⁻¹), n = 1 is the chemisorption stoichiometry, wt (%)—the metal loading, a_m—the surface area (m²), and m—the sample mass (g). The following formula was used to calculate the dispersion of the active phase: $$D=\frac{S·M}{a_m·N_A}$$
where S is the metal surface area, M is the platinum atomic weight, N_A is Avogadro’s number, and a_m is the surface occupied by one platinum atom.

The cations in real water and in the adsorption samples were examined by an Agilent 7500a ICP-MS instrument. Phosphate ions were detected with a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Cary 60) through the molybdenum blue method. The specific surface area was analyzed by a Brunauer-Eett-Teller (BET) method with a Micromeritics ASAP-2010C automatic analyzer (Micromeritics Col Inc., Australia). PXRD patterns of the samples were recorded in a MIXima XRD-7000 diffractometer between 10° and 70° (2θ) using CuK_α radiation. FTIR spectra of samples were determined by a Nicolet Magna 550 FT-IR instrument in the KBr phase. SEM images and EDX of samples were examined with an SU8020 microscope and EDAX instruments, respectively (Hitachi, Japan). TEM images were determined using a JEM 1200EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan).