Pictures of the implants were taken with a SZN-6 trinocular stereo zoom macroscope (Optika), equipped with an optical camera (Optika Vision Lite 2.1 software). The lengths and diameters of the implants were determined using the software ImageJ (US National Institutes of Health). Dynamic changes in the systems' volume were calculated considering cylindrical geometry.
Implant samples were withdrawn and excess water was carefully removed using Kimtech precision wipes (Kimberly-Clark, Rouen, France) and weighed [wet mass (t)]. The change in wet mass (%) (t) was calculated as follows:
All experiments were conducted in triplicate. Mean values +/− standard deviations are reported.