Elemental analysis of different metal ions in the microgreen samples after a growth period of 12-days was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Each harvested microgreen sample was first separated into three categories of plant parts: roots, stems, and cotyledon. 0.5 g of each sample category was combined with 10 mL concentrated nitric acid in a MARSXpress Plus vessel and acid-digested at 180 °C for 20 minutes using a MARS 6 microwave (CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC). Afterward, each digested sample was diluted with nanopure water to a total volume of 50 mL and then was further diluted 20-folds before the ICP-MS analysis on an Agilent ICP-MS 7500cx (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA).[44 ] The concentrations of metal ions including Ce, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu were investigated in this plant growth study.
Mars 6 microwave
Manufactured by CEM Corporation
Sourced in United States
The MARS 6 microwave is a laboratory instrument designed for sample preparation. It utilizes microwave technology to efficiently heat and digest samples for various analytical procedures. The MARS 6 features advanced temperature and pressure monitoring capabilities to ensure consistent and reproducible results.
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Lab products found in correlation
1 ethyl 3 methylimidazolium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dsc 200 f3 maia, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
X pert pro mpd equipment, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Sta7200rv, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Nexion 300d icp ms, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Db 1 ms capillary column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Agilent 7890b gc, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
5977b series mass selective detector, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Icp ms, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
6 protocols using mars 6 microwave
1
Elemental Analysis of Microgreen Plants
2
Characterization of Biomass Samples using Multimodal Analyses
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NaOH, H2O2 (30% w/w, Perdrogen), H2SO4, and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Wood samples (small branches from eucalyptus and pine trees) were collected from urban gardens in the Porto region (Gondomar, Portugal). Industrial paper pulp samples were helpfully provided by a paper company.
Extractions were processed using multi-vessel MARS 6™ microwave-heating equipment (CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC, Canada) using glass containers. Each extraction step was performed considering two independent replicates. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were recorded in a PerkinElmer Frontier (Beaconsfield, UK) equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory with a zinc selenite crystal. The ATR accessory has a pressure arm to control the applied force and reduce sample-to-sample variability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at FCUP|DQB-Lab&Services using a Hitachi STA7200RV as equipment (Tokyo, Japan). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies were performed on DSC 200 F3 Maia equipment with an automatic sample changer (Netzsch, Selb, Germany). Powder X-ray Diffraction studies were performed at UniNova, Nova School of Science and Technology, Lisbon, Portugal, using Malvern Panalytical X’Pert PRO MPD equipment (Malvern, UK).
Extractions were processed using multi-vessel MARS 6™ microwave-heating equipment (CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC, Canada) using glass containers. Each extraction step was performed considering two independent replicates. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were recorded in a PerkinElmer Frontier (Beaconsfield, UK) equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory with a zinc selenite crystal. The ATR accessory has a pressure arm to control the applied force and reduce sample-to-sample variability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at FCUP|DQB-Lab&Services using a Hitachi STA7200RV as equipment (Tokyo, Japan). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies were performed on DSC 200 F3 Maia equipment with an automatic sample changer (Netzsch, Selb, Germany). Powder X-ray Diffraction studies were performed at UniNova, Nova School of Science and Technology, Lisbon, Portugal, using Malvern Panalytical X’Pert PRO MPD equipment (Malvern, UK).
3
Rice Husk Ash Extraction and Purification
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The silica used in this work was obtained from rice husks (RHs) from Oryza sativa L. kindly supplied by Novarroz—Produtos Alimentares, S.A. (Oliveira de Azemeis, Portugal). The RHs were washed with water to remove soil and dust. Subsequently, the material was oven-dried at 80 °C overnight. Then, the RHs were calcinated at 600 °C for 4 h with a ramp of 5 °C min−1, resulting in the production of rice husk ash (RHA) under controlled conditions. Afterwards, 16.6 g of RHA was combined with 15 g of citric acid and 200 mL of water. The mixture was stirred in a MARS 6 microwave (CEM Corporation) for 30 min at 50 °C. The resulting blend was filtered, and the treated rice husk ash (TRHA) was placed in an oven until completely dried.
4
Elemental Analysis of Banana Composition
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The 11 kinds of elemental compositions (Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sr and Zn) of banana pulp and peel were determined by ICP-MS [27 (link)]. The freeze-dried and fine homogeneous samples (pulp/peel) were digested using a MARS 6 microwave (CEM Corporation, Matthews NC, USA). About 0.8 g sample was accurately weighed into Teflon vessels. For digestion, 3 mL 70% Nitric acid (HNO3) and 1 mL 30% Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were added to each vessel. Besides, another vessel only within HNO3 and H2O2 was selected as a blank group. After digestion, the samples were transferred to tubes and filled up to 10 mL with Milli-Q water. Standard solutions were prepared from 1000 mg/L ICP-MS stock solutions (ICP-MS calibration standard, ULTRA Scientific, North Kingstown, Rhode Island). The multi-elemental analyses were performed using a NexION 300D ICP-MS (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The analytical performance was verified by processing certified reference materials Lichen 482 (Sigma-Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), tuning solution A and B (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The concentrations of elemental composition in samples were determined using external calibration curves and the rhodium was used as an internal standard.
5
Microwave-Assisted CuO Oxidation of Samples
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CuO oxidation of the samples was and analyses were conducted following the method described by Kim et al.43 (link). Briefly, microwave-assisted alkaline CuO oxidation was carried out on ~ 400 mg of the samples using a Microwave Digestion System (MARS 6 microwave, CEM Corporation, USA) at 150 °C for 1.5 h. All analyses were performed at KOPRI using an Agilent 7890B GC coupled to a 5977B Series Mass Selective Detector (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) operating in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode using a DB1-MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm, Agilent J&W). The analytical precision associated with the lignin phenol concentrations was typically less than 10%.
6
Comprehensive Soil Nutrient Analysis
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The dried plant tissue or soil samples (0.2 g) were digested in 10 mL mixture of perchloric acid (12.7 mol/L), sulfuric acid (18mol/L), and water (10:1:2) using the Mars 6 microwave reaction system (CEM Corporation, Matthews, NC, United States) until a clear liquid was obtained. The contents of total N, P, K in the samples were routinely analyzed, i.e., Kjeldahl method for total N, vanadium molybdate blue colorimetric method for total P, flame photometry for total K (Bao, 2000 ). The contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were quantified by ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Milford, MA, United States) (Gorecka et al., 2006 (link)).
Specifically, hydrolyzable N, available P, available K in soil was quantified using alkaline hydrolysis-diffusion method, ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry, sodium bicarbonate extraction-vanadium molybdate blue colorimetric method, respectively. Available Ca, Mg were extracted with ammonium acetate; available Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were extracted with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Bao, 2000 ).
Specifically, hydrolyzable N, available P, available K in soil was quantified using alkaline hydrolysis-diffusion method, ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry, sodium bicarbonate extraction-vanadium molybdate blue colorimetric method, respectively. Available Ca, Mg were extracted with ammonium acetate; available Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn were extracted with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Bao, 2000 ).
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