We performed a craniectomy to expose the motor cortex. A portion of the dura was opened and intracortical electrode arrays were inserted. In NHP, a 96-electrode array (Blackrock, US) was placed into the hand representation of M1 (Figure 3 A). Three additional implanted electrodes, targeting ventral and dorsal premotor cortex (PMv, PMd) and area 5 respectively, were not considered for this study. The craniotomy was closed with artificial dura (DuraGen, Integra Lifesciences, US) and covered with bone cement. The connectors of the arrays were placed on top of the head in an acrylic box embedded in the in the bone cement. In rats, we inserted a 32-electrode array (Tucker-Davis Technology, US) onto the leg representation. The most antero-medial site was positioned stereotaxically at coordinates AP -1.1mm, ML +1.3 mm from bregma. The electrodes were lowered to a depth of 1.5 mm.5 (link),75 (link)
Duragen
Manufactured by Integra LifeSciences
Sourced in United States
DuraGen is a sterile, resorbable, biocompatible dural graft matrix made from highly purified bovine collagen. It is designed to be used as a dural substitute for the repair of dural defects.
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Lab products found in correlation
12 protocols using duragen
1
Intracortical Electrode Array Implantation
2
Synthetic Dura Mater Graft Comparison
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The test material under examination was ArtiFascia, a new synthetic fibrous scaffold
crafted for dura mater grafting, featuring a distinctive porous structure. ArtiFascia is
constructed from a matrix of PLCL and PDLCL. The dural repair matrix used for comparison
was Duragen® (Integra LifeSciences Corp., Plainsboro, NJ, USA), a commercially
accessible product manufactured from processed bovine collagen, derived from the deep
flexor tendon of bovines. This matrix had a porous spongy structure.
crafted for dura mater grafting, featuring a distinctive porous structure. ArtiFascia is
constructed from a matrix of PLCL and PDLCL. The dural repair matrix used for comparison
was Duragen® (Integra LifeSciences Corp., Plainsboro, NJ, USA), a commercially
accessible product manufactured from processed bovine collagen, derived from the deep
flexor tendon of bovines. This matrix had a porous spongy structure.
3
Chronic Neural Recording in Marmosets
4
Sellar Reconstruction Using Modified Shoelace
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During the study period between August 2019 and October 2021, patients who underwent sellar reconstruction using the modified shoelace dural closure technique with collagen matrix (DuraGen; Integra LifeSciences, Plainsboro, NJ, USA) after lesionectomy via extended eTSS were enrolled in this study. The intraoperative findings, operative movies, and postoperative outcomes of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with postoperative CSF leakage underwent repeated sellar reconstruction surgery using autologous tissue grafts. At the time of reoperation, samples of the collagen matrix that had been implanted in the first surgery were harvested. These samples were evaluated by routine pathological examination. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed 1 week and 6 months after the surgery. Informed consent for the publication of this article and to undergo surgery was obtained from patients. This study was performed upon approval by the institutional review board at Nagoya University (approval no.: 2020-0590).
5
Surgical Repair of Spinal CSF Leaks
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Surgical closure of spinal CSF leaks was performed under general anesthesia using a posterior approach with continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring as described previously [8 (link), 9 (link)]. Through a midline incision, we performed a interlaminar fenestration or hemilaminotomy under the microscope centered on the suspected site of CSF leakage. After removal of the yellow ligament, the dura was inspected. For CSF leaks situated on the lateral aspect of the dura, direct extradural closure was usually feasible. Prolapsing arachnoid in the axilla of the nerve root was reduced, the dura sutured and augmented with an extradural wrap using TachoSil® (Takeda) or Duragen® (Integra). In contrary, for CSF leaks on the anterior dura, a dorsal durotomy and spinal cord release maneuver was performed. After cutting of the dentate ligament, the spinal cord was gently rotated using the cut ends as handles. After identification of the site of leakage, microspurs penetrating the anterior dura were removed when present, and the dural edges sutured using monofilament sutures. Intra- and extradural augmentation using dural substitutes, glue or muscle patches was done additionally at the surgeon’s discretion.
6
Cortical Microelectrode Array Implantation
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Arrays were manufactured by Microprobes for Life Sciences (Gaithersburg, MD). Each array consisted of a ceramic base with 16–32 working electrodes (plus four reference/ground electrodes) made of platinum/iridium, with impedance values of 0.7–1.2 MΩ and lengths of 1.6–2.4 mm (4 mm for grounds and reference electrodes). To implant the arrays, a craniotomy was performed in the occipito-temporal skull region, followed by a durotomy that allowed visualization of sulcal and vasculature patterns; arrays were secured to a stereotaxic arm via suction and inserted into the cortical parenchyma at a rate of ~0.5 mm every three minutes, regulated by visual inspection of tissue dimpling. Arrays were fixed in place using titanium mesh (Bioplate, Los Angeles, CA) over collagen-based dural graft (DuraGen, Integra LifeSciences, Princeton NJ), and cables protected using Flexacryl (Lang Dental, Wheeling, Illinois). Omnetics connectors were housed in custom-made titanium pedestals (Crist Instrument Co., Hagerstown, MD).
7
Kidney Repair Using Duragen and MSCs
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The biological membrane of Duragen was purchased from Integra Lifesciences Company. The Duragen was sterile. MSCs were isolated and cultured in the MSC growth medium. 106 MSCs suspension were subsequently pipetted onto 2.5 × 1.5 cm2 Duragen and automatically absorbed to the material. Then, the kidney capsule was peeled off. We wrapped up the the renal tissue by Duragen which contained MSCs. We stitched the edge of the Duragen and kept a gap for renal pedicle. After that, the kidney was put back into the abdominal cavity. Both of the kidneys were conducted by this procedure.
8
Chronic Neural Recording in Marmosets
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Two marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), one male (monkey W) and one female (monkey T) participated in this study. The sample size was chosen to minimize animal use while providing for reproducibility of results. No blinding or randomization was applied. Each marmoset was fitted with a headpost for head stabilization and eye tracking. The headpost contained a hollow chamber housing an Omnetics connector for a Utah array, which was chronically implanted in a subsequent surgery. For that surgery, a 7×10mm craniotomy was made over area MT (stereotaxic coordinates 2mm anterior, 12mm dorsal). An 8×8 (64 channel, monkey W) and 9×9 with alternating channels removed (40 channel, monkey T) Utah array was chronically implanted over area MT using a pneumatic inserter wand. The electrodes spacing was 400μM with a pitch depth of 1.5mm. The craniotomy was closed with Duraseal (Integra Life Sciences, monkey W) or Duragen (Integra Life Sciences, monkey T), and covered with a titanium mesh embedded in dental acrylic. All surgical procedures were performed with the monkeys under general anesthesia in an aseptic environment in compliance with NIH guidelines. All experimental methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and conformed to NIH guidelines.
9
Radial Fracture Repair in Mice
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A nonunion radial fracture was created as previously described [50 (link), 63 (link)]. Briefly, NOD/SCID female mice (n = 7 per group), ages 6–8 weeks, were each anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of a ketamine-xylazine mixture, and the skin of the forelimb was swabbed with isopropyl alcohol (70%) and chlorhexidine gluconate (0.5%). The skin was cut, and a 1.5-mm defect in the radius was created. For microscopic cell identification, the cells were trypsinized and labeled with Vibrant-CM-DiI (Thermo Fisher Scientific Life Sciences), as previously described [9 (link)]. Aliquots of 106 cells were seeded on precut 1 × 1 × 1.5-mm collagen type I biodegradable scaffolds (DuraGen; Integra LifeSciences, Plainsboro, NJ, http://www.integralife.com ), and the scaffolds were implanted into the defect site. In control mice, a defect was created, but only an acellular collagen sponge was implanted. Orthotopic bone formation was monitored using in vivo µCT once every 4 weeks for 8 weeks.
10
Hydrogel Scaffold Composition and Characterization
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Sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (HA, average molecular weight = 1.3 MDa) was obtained from Bloomage Freda Biopharm Co. Ltd. (Jinan, Shandong, China). Sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, high viscosity, degree of substitution = 0.89), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), DNA quantitation kit for fluorescence assay and WST-1 assay kit for cell proliferation and viability were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). DuraGen was obtained from Integra Life Sciences (Princeton, NJ, USA).
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