Sprague dawley rat

For animal experiments, 28 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. and maintained according to the protocol approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Stomatology at Wuhan University (S07921060J). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. In total, 28 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups (i.e. A, B, C, D). The submucosal injection method on the right cheek was used in this experiment. Arecoline (S2614, Selleck, USA), LSKL (HY-P0299, MCE, USA) and SLLK (HY-P0301, MCE, USA) were dissolved in DMSO (A3672, Applichem, GER) to 10 mg/mL for storage and were diluted to 2 mg/mL in 0.9% normal saline (NS) immediately before injection. To establish the OSF lesion (n = 7), the rats in group A were injected with 20% DMSO and the rats in group B were injected with Arecoline. As for drug administration assay (n = 7), the rats in group C were injected with SLLK and the rats in group D were injected with LSKL. All groups were injected twice a week and with 100 μL each time. The mouth opening of animals were measured once a week. After 12 weeks, the rats were humanely euthanized, and the buccal tissue was attained for further research.

All experiments were performed under protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). All animals were housed at the Biological Resource Laboratory at UIC under a 12-h light/dark cycle and provided with food and water ad libitum. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (The Jackson Laboratory, #000664), Mapt^tm1Hnd (Tau knockout (KO)) (The Jackson Laboratory, #007251 (Dawson et al., 2001 (link))), and Sprague Dawley rats (Charles River) were used for the experiments in this study. WT C57BL/6 or homozygous Tau KO male and female mice were paired in-house for timed pregnancies. Female timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Charles River Laboratories.

All animal studies were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Eighth Edition) from the Chinese National Research Council and the current United States Department of Agriculture Animal Welfare Act (Anderson et al., 1974 (link); International C, 2011 ).
The anesthetic effects of HSK3486 were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats and the hemodynamic effects of HSK3486 were evaluated in beagle dogs purchased from Charles River (Beijing, China), Covance Research Products (New Jersey, United States) or Beijing Marshall Biotechnology (Beijing, China). For the in vivo pharmacokinetic study, Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Charles River and beagle dogs from MaxMak Bio (Beijing, China). Tissue distribution and excretion studies were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats provided by Shanghai SIPPR-BK Laboratory Animals (Shanghai, China). All animals were housed at 20–25°C on a cycle of 12 h of light and 12 h of dark and were given free access to food and water, except when fasting was required.

For the majority of studies, which were performed at UC Davis (Davis, CA), timed pregnant female Sprague Dawley rats were purchased from Charles River Laboratories and housed individually in standard plastic cages with Alpha-Dri bedding (Shepherd Specialty Papers) in a temperature-controlled room (22 ± 2 °C) on a normal 12 h light/dark cycle. Food and water were provided ad libitum.
For the surfaceome analyses, which were performed at the ETH (Zurich, Switzerland), Sprague Dawley rats were purchased from Charles River Laboratories and group housed (three per cage) in Allentown individually ventilated cages with Lignocel bedding (JRS - Rettenmaier) in a temperature-controlled room (21 ± 2 °C) on a normal 12-h light/dark cycle. Food and water (Kliba) were provided ad libitum.

All animal experimental procedures conducted in the United Kingdom were in accordance with UK Home Office Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1986) and were in line with the ARRIVE guidelines.^{21 (link)} Experiments were conducted in a blinded fashion. Adult male rats (96 Sprague–Dawley rats, weight 180–200 g; Charles River, Margate, United Kingdom, group housed 4 per cage) were housed in temperature-controlled (20–22°C) rooms in conventional cages under a 12-hour light–dark cycle, lights on at 7 am, and off at 7 pm. Rats were allowed free access to standard rodent chow and water throughout the day, apart from a fasting period 4 hours before blood collections.
All animal studies performed at Medivir AB were in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations provided by the Swedish Board of Agriculture. The ethical permissions were provided by an ethical board specialized in animal experimentation (Stockholm South Animal Research Ethical Board). Adult male rats (6 Sprague–Dawley rats, 8 weeks of age; Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany) were housed (max 4 animals/cage) in conventional cages under a 12-hour light–dark cycle. Rats were allowed standard rodent diet and water ad libitum, except for a fasting period overnight (from 17:00 in the evening to 11:00 in the morning) before dosing with compound and for an additional 3 hours after dosing (in total 18 hours of fasting).

Thirty-three, adult, male Sprague–Dawley rats (300–325 g upon arrival) and 35, adult, female Sprague–Dawley rats (200–225 g upon arrival), obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Raleigh, NC, USA) served as subjects (approximately 8–10 weeks of age). The rats were housed in pairs in plastic boxes, with food and water freely available, on a 12 h light/dark cycle (lights on at 7 am). All experiments took place during the light portion of the light/dark cycle. All procedures were approved by the Stony Brook University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.