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14 protocols using uvprobe 2

1

pH-Dependent Spectral Analysis of Diminazene

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Diminazene solutions (20 μM) were prepared in 20 mM sodium phosphate buffered at pH 1–13. Spectrums were acquired with in an UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu) with quartz cuvettes. The spectrophotometer was set to record a spectrum between wavelengths of 240–550 nm. Baseline was corrected with sodium phosphate solutions of corresponding pH. Data were analyzed with UVProbe 2.33 (Shimadzu).
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2

Cyanobacteria Growth Optimization

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Strains were either cultivated in BG11 medium which contains 17.6 mM nitrate or alternatively in BG110 medium without nitrate that was supplemented with 5 mM arginine. Notably, 10 mM glucose was added as indicated. DCMU was added at a concentration of 10 mM. For precultures, 50 ml of BG11 medium were inoculated with cells and antibiotics in the case of mutants in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks on a rotary at 28°C, 50 μE/m2/s, and 100 rpm. After several days of growth, cultures were pelleted and washed twice in the medium of choice without antibiotics for growth experiments. Cells were inoculated into 200 ml BG-11 at an OD750 of 0.05 and placed into glass tubes with a diameter of 3.5 cm bubbled with air at 50 μE/m2/s at 28°C, and growth was monitored every 24 h by measuring the optical density at 750 nm as described earlier (Makowka et al., 2020 (link)). The optical density (OD) of the culture was determined by photometrical analysis (UV 2501 PC Photometer, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at 750 nm, and its data were recorded and analyzed using the affiliated software UVProbe 2.33 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Samples were diluted with BG11 medium by 1:10 when samples showed an OD750 value above 0.5.
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3

UV Spectroscopic Analysis of Samples

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Sample preparation: Samples were analyzed in their original formulation.
UV equipment: A NanoDrop OneC (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) high resolution UV–Vis spectrophotometer provided with a software capable of suppressing excipient interference was used for the analysis. M-cresol and acetate buffer UV spectra were used for the proper subtraction of the excipients’ contributions. Samples were measured as triplicates from 350 to 220 nm in intervals of 0.5 nm. One µL solution drops was directly applied to the pedestal, as recommended by the manufacturer. Second derivative spectra were calculated using the Savitzky–Golay algorithm with a five-point data filter with UVProbe 2.62 software (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) application from 310 to 250 nm.
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4

Optimizing Grape Seed Bioactive Extraction

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The preliminary experiments were performed to identify the best solvent system for maximum yield of bioactive ingredients based on the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and %DPPH*sc from grape seeds extract. Eight solvents, namely ethanol, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, acetone, and n-hexane were selected for this investigation. Each solvent system of the extraction process involved using 2 g of grape seed powder (particle size 0.5 mm), 10 mL of fixed solvent concentration (70% V/V in distilled water), ultrasound intensity: 60 W cm−2, ultrasound exposure time: 10 min, and temperature: 40 °C. Using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer, Shimadzu UV-1800 series, and UV Probe 2.62 software, Japan, to measure the concentration of bioactive ingredients from grape seed extract. A rotary vacuum dryer (Buchi rotary evaporator, Mumbai, India) was used to concentrate the extracts. The concentrated extracts were then lyophilized (freeze dryer) to convert into powder form and stored in a desiccator until the experiment.
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5

UV Spectroscopic Analysis of Compound 4

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The UV spectrum of compound (4) was measured using a Shimadzu UV-3600 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Each absorption spectrum was recorded from 200.00 nm to 400.00 nm. Profiles were generated by UVProbe 2.21 Software (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). A control of 100% methanol was set and auto-zeroed automatically by software.
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6

Holo-NFU1 Cluster Assembly Protocol

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Holo-NFU1 was produced in the anaerobic chamber. The reaction mixture in HND buffer contained 100 μM Fe2(NH4)2(SO4)2, 2 μM E. coli cysteine desulfurase IscS, and 1 mM DTT. The reaction was initiated by adding 300 μM L-cysteine to bring the final volume to 1 mL. The reaction was carried out at 25° C in a 10 mm pathlength quartz cuvette sealed with a rubber septum. Spectra were collected on a UV-1700 UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu) equipped with a temperature-control utility. UVProbe 2.21 software (Shimadzu) was used to collect and analyze the data. To isolate holo-NFU1 protein for the NMR and cluster transfer studies, the product of the cluster assembly reaction mixture was loaded onto a Superdex 200 10/300 GL SEC column (GE Healthcare) installed inside the anaerobic chamber, and the eluted fraction containing holo-NFU1 was collected.
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7

UV-Vis Spectroscopy Analysis Protocol

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All spectra were measured using a UV–Vis NanoDrop 2000/2000c (Thermo Scientific) spectrophotometer except for the charge transfer band (CTB). The CTB region was measured on a UV-2450 Shimadzu spectrophotometer, with a slit width of 0.5 nm. The peak location was determined by using the picking algorithm of the UV-Probe 2.33 software (Shimadzu).
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8

Thermal Stability Analysis of Solutions

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The prepared standard solutions were placed in 37.0 °C ± 0.5 °C water bath, and sampled 9.0 mL each at time points of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min. After cooled to room temperature, the sample solution was respectively added 0, 1.0, 1.2 mL 1.0 N HCl solution (corresponding to the media of pH 1.0, pH 6.0, and pH 6.8) to adjust pH to 1.0 and mixed uniformly. Then, a UV scan was performed on sample solutions at the wavelength range of 200–400 nm to determine the wavelength with stable UV absorbance. A UV-2450 UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV Probe 2.33 software) with a spectral bandwidth of 1 nm and a pair of 3.0 cm matched quartz cells were employed for all spectroscopic measurements.
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9

Spectrophotometric Characterization of Samples

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Spectrophotometric measurements were performed in quartz cell; 1.00 cm using double beam spectrophotometer; Shimadzu (UV-1800, Japan). Scans were carried out from 200 to 400 nm at 0.1 nm intervals and the spectra were attained by Shimadzu UV-Probe 2.43 system software automatically.
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10

Kinetic Analysis of GrhO5 and GrhO6

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The kinetic parameters for GrhO5 and GrhO6 were determined photometrically at wavelengths of 556 for collinone (3) and and 536 nm for lenticulone (11) using a Shimadzu Photometer (UV-1650PC, Shimadzu, Duisburg, Germany). A mixture of 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 1.5 mM NADPH or NADH and substrate (16, 39, 79, 392 µM collinone (3) or 20, 50, 100 µM lenticulone (11), both dissolved in CH3CN) was prepared. The reaction was started by addition of 1 µM GrhO5 or GrhO6 (or free FAD as control) that allowed the measurement of the linear decrease in absorption. The turnover rates were calculated based on extinction coefficients of 4850 L × mol−1 × cm−1 at 556 nm (3) and 1700 L × mol−1 × cm−1 at 536 nm (11) according to Beer-Lambert law. The slope of the absorption was read out by the software (UV Probe 2.43, Shimadzu).
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