Hbss trypsin edta solution

Que (purified ≥ 98%), kaempferol, myricetin, catechin, and GA were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water used in this study was purified using the Milli-Q water purification system (WATER PRO^® PS, Missouri, USA). All other chemicals were analytical grade and were purchased from local chemical suppliers. HPLC-grade solvents obtained from Fisher Scientific (Seoul, Korea) were used. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco^® (Invitrogen, USA). HBSS trypsin–EDTA solution, and penicillin and streptomycin solution were purchased from GibcoTM (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). Sodium pyruvate solution was purchased from Calbiochem^® (Merck, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Hyclone^® (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Utah, USA).
Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA) and the ReverseAid First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA) were used for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Forward and reverse primers for the CYP450 genes were synthesized for mRNA expression level determination (Pacific Science Company, Bangkok, Thailand). Maxima SYBR Green qPCR master mix (Westburg Life Sciences, The Netherlands) was used for real-time PCR (RT-PCR) reactions.

RA (purified ≥ 98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water used in this study was purified using the Milli-Q water purification system (WATER PRO^® PS, MO, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased from local chemical suppliers. HPLC-grade solvents obtained from Fisher Scientific (Seoul, Korea) were used for drug analysis. Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM), HBSS Trypsin-EDTA solution, and Penicillin and Streptomycin solution were purchased from Gibco^TM (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). Sodium pyruvate solution was purchased from Calbiochem^® (Merck, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Hyclone^® (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Salt Lake, UT, USA). Twenty-four well cell culture plates were purchased from Costar (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA). Millicell^® Cell Culture inserts and Millipore Express^® PES Membrane (0.22 μm) were purchased from MILLIPORE (USA).