Drugs were prepared to be injected subcutaneously at 5 μL/g body weight concentration. Drug stocks from sobetirome (molecular weight [MV] = 328 g/mol; Sigma; SML1900) and Sob-AM2 (MW = 341 g/mol)21 (link),23 (link),30 (link) were prepared by dissolving sobetirome and Sob-AM2 at 1 mg/mL in a previously prepared vehicle, composed of distilled water, Kolliphor® (Sigma; C5135), and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (Sigma; 328634) in 8:1:1 proportion. Saline was used to dilute the 1 mg/mL drug stocks to the final concentrations of 0.2 mg/mL sobetirome and 0.06 mg/mL Sob-AM2 (corresponding to 1.0 and 0.3 mg/kg dose, respectively). Since treatment with Sob-AM2 results in approximately twofold more sobetirome content in the brain than treatment with its precursor drug sobetirome,18 the chosen doses were 1.0 and 0.3 mg/kg of sobetirome and Sob-AM2, respectively, to achieve similar content of sobetirome in the brain with both treatments.
1 methyl 2 pyrrolidinone
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Poland
1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone is a colorless, polar, aprotic solvent. It has a high boiling point and low volatility. The compound is widely used as a solvent in various industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Toluene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Acetic anhydride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Methylene chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Deuterated chloroform, by Cambridge Isotopes (4 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethylformamide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Acetone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
4 p fluorobenzonitrile, by Apollo Scientific (4 mentions)
N n dimethylacetamide, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
68 protocols using 1 methyl 2 pyrrolidinone
1
Sobetirome and Sob-AM2 Administration via Subcutaneous Injection
2
Cisplatin Toxicity in Sensory Neurons
3
Cerium Oxide Catalytic Material Synthesis
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Cerium (IV) oxide (ceria, CeO2, powder, particle size < 5 μm, 99.9% purity), poly (oxy-1,4-phenylene sulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PES, (C12H8O3S)n, pellets), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, (C6H9NO)n, powder, average M.W. 40,000), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, C5H9NO, liquid, ≥ 99.0% purity) were from Sigma Aldrich. Coltogum high-temperature silicate adhesive (1,500°C maximum temperature) was from SFS unimarket AG. High-purity alumina adhesive (Resbond 989, Cotronics) was from Polytec PT GmbH. CO2 (99.998%), Ar (99.996%, 99.999%), He (99.999%), and calibration gas mixtures, i.e., 500 mol ppm O2 (99.999%) in Ar (99.999%), 500 mol ppm CO (99.997%) in Ar (99.999%), and 1,000 mol ppm CO (99.997%), 500 mol ppm CO2 (99.995%), 500 mol ppm N2 (99.999%), and 100 mol ppm O2 (99.999%) in Ar (99.999%) were from Messer Schweiz AG. According to the manufacturer, Ar (99.996%) contained <5 ppm O2 on volume basis, equivalent to a limiting < 5 × 10−6 bar.
4
Fabrication of Functional Composite Materials
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Pyrrole (reagent grade, 98.0%), polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw of ca. 150,000), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw of ca. 1,100,000), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF, Mw of ca. 500,000), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw of ca. 90,000), and 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99.0%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Burlington, MA, USA). Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 98.5%) and dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.0%) were acquired from Samchun Chemical Company (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, 99.0%) and tin chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4·5H2O, 98.0%) were obtained from the Junsei Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Carbon black was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All chemicals were used as received without any further reaction or treatment.
5
Synthesis and Purification of Biodegradable Polymer
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L,L-dilactide was purchased from Corbion (Gorinchem, The Netherlands) and purified by recrystallization from anhydrous toluene. 1,8-Octanediol 98%, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (anhydrous) 99.5% (NMP), iron(II) acetate (Fe(OAc)2) ≥99.99%, N-ethylacetamide 99%, N-methylbenzamide ≥99%, methanol, and toluene (anhydrous) 99.8% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany) and used as received. Chloroform 99% was obtained from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), tetrahydrofuran (for liquid chromatography) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
6
Synthesis of Triphenylamine Derivatives
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Triphenylamine (98%), phosphorus(v ) oxychloride (99%), sodium borohydride (96%), sodium acetate (99%), triethylamine (anhydrous, 99.5%), acryloyl chloride, sodium acetate, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, 98%), 4-methoxyTriphenylamine (97%), iron(iii ) chloride (97%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), methyl alcohol (99.8%), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99%) and anhydrous chloroform (99%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received. Tetrahydrofuran (Boom) and toluene (Macron) were dried using the MBraun SPS800 system. Carboxylic-acid functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH, 9.5 nm × 1.5 micron) was also purchased from Aldrich and used with no further treatment.
7
Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticle Encapsulation
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Low molecular weight chitosan (Mw < 100 kDa), sodium tripolyphosphates (TPP), dialysis bag (mol. wt. cut-off: 14 KDa), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), methyl iodide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), sodium iodide (NaI), iodomethane (CH3I), dimethyl ether, potassium chloride (KCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium bromide (KBr) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Double deionized water (DDW), methanol, and acetonitrile, all HPLC grade, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). A rivastigmine sample was received from Daroupakhsh Co. (Tehran, Iran), and human insulin was kindly provided by Ronak Daroo Co. (Tehran, Iran).
8
Crenolanib Inhibits A549 Tumor Growth
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A549 cells were injected into the axillary regions of mice (2×106 cells/mouse). When the tumor volumes reached 70 mm3, the mice were randomly allocated to the control group, low-dose crenolanib group (10 mg/kg), or high-dose crenolanib group (20 mg/kg) (n=6 per group). The vehicle for crenolanib treatment consists of 10% 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 90% polyethylene glycol 300 (Sigma-Aldrich). The tumor size and mouse body weight were measured every other day for about 2 weeks. The tumor volume was calculated as follows: (mm3) = (width × width × length)/2. After treatment, the mice were euthanized using carbon dioxide, and the tumors were harvested and analyzed.
9
Na-ion Half-cell Electrode Fabrication
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The
working electrodes for Na-ion half-cells were prepared with the following
composition: 70 wt % of the active material (WS2NT/SiOC
fibermat), 15 wt % of carbon black as the conducting agent (Alfa Aesar,
Haverhill, MA, USA), and 15 wt % of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
as a binder (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA). A homogeneous slurry
was prepared using the materials mentioned above using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
(Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri, MA, USA) as a solvent for PVDF, which was
added in a drop wise manner. A 9 μm thick copper substrate was
coated with this slurry and dried at 80 °C for 18 h for solvent
removal. The obtained film thickness was found to be 125 μm.
Circular sections were obtained from this coating to be used as a
working electrode for the 2032-type coin cell. The reference and counter
electrodes, in this case, were prepared of sodium metal. The electrolyte
used was 1.0 M NaClO4 (Alfa Aesar) in (1:1 v/v) EC/DMC
(anhydrous, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), and the two electrodes were separated
by a glass separator soaked with electrolytes. All the tested cells
were assembled in a high precision inert (ultra-high purity Argon)
atmosphere, with O2 and H2O contents below 0.1
ppm. The cycled electrodes (after 50 cycles) were de-crimped in the
inert atmosphere and washed with a DMC solvent to dispose of the separators
attached to the electrodes for post-cycling SEM and XPS analyses.
working electrodes for Na-ion half-cells were prepared with the following
composition: 70 wt % of the active material (WS2NT/SiOC
fibermat), 15 wt % of carbon black as the conducting agent (Alfa Aesar,
Haverhill, MA, USA), and 15 wt % of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
as a binder (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA, USA). A homogeneous slurry
was prepared using the materials mentioned above using 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
(Sigma-Aldrich, Missouri, MA, USA) as a solvent for PVDF, which was
added in a drop wise manner. A 9 μm thick copper substrate was
coated with this slurry and dried at 80 °C for 18 h for solvent
removal. The obtained film thickness was found to be 125 μm.
Circular sections were obtained from this coating to be used as a
working electrode for the 2032-type coin cell. The reference and counter
electrodes, in this case, were prepared of sodium metal. The electrolyte
used was 1.0 M NaClO4 (Alfa Aesar) in (1:1 v/v) EC/DMC
(anhydrous, 99%, Sigma-Aldrich), and the two electrodes were separated
by a glass separator soaked with electrolytes. All the tested cells
were assembled in a high precision inert (ultra-high purity Argon)
atmosphere, with O2 and H2O contents below 0.1
ppm. The cycled electrodes (after 50 cycles) were de-crimped in the
inert atmosphere and washed with a DMC solvent to dispose of the separators
attached to the electrodes for post-cycling SEM and XPS analyses.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymers
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Chemicals used for monomer and polymer synthesis included sodium hydroxide, hydrobenzoic acid, dibromohexane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, SA monomer, and triethylene glycol purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic anhydride, ethyl ether, petroleum ether, chloroform, methylene chloride, hexane, acetone, sulfuric acid, potassium carbonate, dimethyl formamide, toluene, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ, USA); 4-p-fluorobenzonitrile was purchased from Apollo Scientific (Cheshire, UK). For 1H NMR analysis of the copolymers, deuterated chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). The N-terminal region of a recombinant PspA (UAB055, PspA/Rx1 AA1 to 303, clade 2 PspA of the PspA family 1) was produced by Dr. David McPherson (University of Alabama at Birmingham) as described previously (55 (link)). Prior to immunization, endotoxin was removed from the protein using endotoxin removal beads (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions followed by dialysis and lyophilization. The final endotoxin content of the protein was determined to be less than 1.9 EU/mg as determined by a limulus amebocyte lysate chromogenic endotoxin quantification kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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