The following liquid substances were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: 2-pentanone (98%), 3-pentanone (99%), 2-hexanone (98%), 3-hexanone (98%), 3-heptanone (analytical standard), 4-heptanone (98%), 2-nonanone (99%), 3-nonanone (99%), 2-decanone (98%), cyclohexanone (99.8%), 3-methyl-2-pentanone (99%), 2-methyl-3-pentanone (97%), 2-methyl-3-hexanone (98%), and 2-methyl-3-heptanone (99%). 2-butanone (99.5%), 2-heptanone (98.5%), and 3-methyl-2-butanone (98.5%) were purchased from Honeywell. 3-octanone (99%) and 3-decanone (97%) were purchased from Acros Organics and SAFC, respectively. These were used with no further purification.
2 pentanone
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, China
2-pentanone is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3C(O)CH2CH3. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic fruity odor. 2-pentanone is commonly used as a solvent and an intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
2 heptanone, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
2 hexanone, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
2 nonanone, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
2 butanone, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ethyl butyrate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Pentanal, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Benzaldehyde, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Octanoic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hexanoic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
3 pentanone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
3 hexanone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
1 propanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Octanal, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hexanal, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
1 pentanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetaldehyde, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 methyl 3 pentanone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cyclohexanone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 methyl 3 heptanone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
16 protocols using 2 pentanone
1
Comprehensive Ketone Characterization Protocol
2
Volatile Organic Compound Identification
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Identities of all VOCs considered as potential marker substances were confirmed through analysis of pure reference substances.
Acetone, 2-butanone, hexanal, nonanal, isoprene and benzene were acquired from Ionimed Analytik GmbH (Innsbruck, Austria). Butane, pentane and hexane were bought from Supelco (Bellefonte, USA). Methyl-isobutyl-ketone, 1-propanol, styrene, 3-octanone, 2-heptanone, furan, heptane, methylacetate, 2-methylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, 2-pentylfuran, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-propanethiol and dimethylsulfide were purchased from Fluka/Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 2-Methyl-butanal and dimethyldisulfide were bought from Abbott GmbH & Co.KG (Wiesbaden, Germany). Ethylbenzene was acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 3-methylfuran and 3-methylbutanal was purchased from TCI Europe N.V. (Zwijndrecht, Belgium).
Acetone, 2-butanone, hexanal, nonanal, isoprene and benzene were acquired from Ionimed Analytik GmbH (Innsbruck, Austria). Butane, pentane and hexane were bought from Supelco (Bellefonte, USA). Methyl-isobutyl-ketone, 1-propanol, styrene, 3-octanone, 2-heptanone, furan, heptane, methylacetate, 2-methylfuran, 2-ethylfuran, 2-pentylfuran, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, 3-hexanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, 2-propanethiol and dimethylsulfide were purchased from Fluka/Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 2-Methyl-butanal and dimethyldisulfide were bought from Abbott GmbH & Co.KG (Wiesbaden, Germany). Ethylbenzene was acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). 3-methylfuran and 3-methylbutanal was purchased from TCI Europe N.V. (Zwijndrecht, Belgium).
3
Stability of Milk Powder under Antioxidants
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Skim milk powder was collected from a local dairy company, and the same batch was used for the production of all FFMPs. Antioxidant-free refined sunflower oils were purchased from a local store (SuperValu, Dublin, Ireland), and stored in closed containers, in the dark under refrigeration (4 °C) until use.
1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), trichloroAcetic acid (TCA), starch, potassium iodide, 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl), isooctane, BHA, BHT, rosmarinic acid, 1-pentanol, 2-heptanone, 2-pentanone, 3-octen-2-one, 2, 4-decadienal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, pentanal, 2-nonenal (E), acetone, 2-nonanone, undecanal 2-methyl-4-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, isovaleraldehyde and ethyl butyrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (now Merck, Wicklow, Ireland), whereas carnosol and carnosic acid were obtained from Extrasynthese (Extrasynthese Co., Genay Cedex, France). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and sodium thiosulfate were obtained from VWR (VWR International Ltd., Dublin, Ireland). Isopropanol (PrOH) was acquired from Romil (Lennox Laboratory Supplies LTD, Dublin, Ireland) and n-hexane from Honeywell (Honeywell, Dublin, Ireland). Acetic acid was obtained from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). Milli-Q® water (H2O) (18 mΩ) (Merck Millipore, Molsheim, France) or deionized H2O was used throughout the experiments.
1,1,3,3-tetraethoxypropane (TEP), trichloroAcetic acid (TCA), starch, potassium iodide, 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl), isooctane, BHA, BHT, rosmarinic acid, 1-pentanol, 2-heptanone, 2-pentanone, 3-octen-2-one, 2, 4-decadienal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, pentanal, 2-nonenal (E), acetone, 2-nonanone, undecanal 2-methyl-4-pentanol, 2-methyl-3-heptanone, isovaleraldehyde and ethyl butyrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (now Merck, Wicklow, Ireland), whereas carnosol and carnosic acid were obtained from Extrasynthese (Extrasynthese Co., Genay Cedex, France). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and sodium thiosulfate were obtained from VWR (VWR International Ltd., Dublin, Ireland). Isopropanol (PrOH) was acquired from Romil (Lennox Laboratory Supplies LTD, Dublin, Ireland) and n-hexane from Honeywell (Honeywell, Dublin, Ireland). Acetic acid was obtained from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). Milli-Q® water (H2O) (18 mΩ) (Merck Millipore, Molsheim, France) or deionized H2O was used throughout the experiments.
4
Solvent Preparation for Analytical Tests
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Toluene (≥99.5%) was provided by VWR chemicals (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). Methanol, ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 2-hexanone, and 1,4-dioxane HPLC grade (≥98%) were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Non-woven gauzes (7.5 cm × 7.5 cm) were purchased from ABSO, laboratory Marque Verte (Villers-lès-Nancy, France).
5
Volatile Compounds Analysis Protocol
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2-Pentanone, diacetyl, acetoin, 2-undecanone, butyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, methyl caprate, ethyl caprate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, 3-methylbutanal, benzaldehyde, pentanal, nonanal, octanal, acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, valeric acid, δ-dodecalactone, (Z)-dairy lactone, δ-caprinolactone, γ-dodecalactone, dichloromethane and n-alkane standards (C6–C30) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2-Octanol (internal standard, IS) was purchased from Dr Ehrenstorfer GmbH, Augsburg, Germany. All of the chemicals were of chromatographic grade and had a purity>98 %.
6
GC-IMS and GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds
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The retention index (RI) of the volatile compounds was calculated using n-ketones C4 ∼ C9 (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) as external references in GC-IMS analysis. For GC–MS analysis, n-alkane standards (C7 ∼ C30) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 2-Octanol as internal standard (IS) was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (GmbH, Augsburg, Germany). The standards used to establish the standard curves including acetaldehyde, 2-pentanone, 2,3-butanedione, 2-heptanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-nonanone, acetic acid, benzaldehyde, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, and δ-decalactone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All of the chemicals were of chromatographic grade, and the purity was>98%.
7
Volatile Compound Analysis via SPME
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Gas mix 1 : 3 18O2 oxygen (98%) and 14N2 nitrogen was from CK Gas Products Ltd. (Hook, UK). hexanoic acid-2, 2-D2 acid (98 atom % D); hexanoic-D11 acid (98 atom % D); hexanoyl-CoA trilithium salt hydrate (C6:0); hexanoylcarnitine, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) >99%, cyclohexanone 99.8%, 2-pentanone 99.5%, 2-pentanol 98%, ethyl 3-oxohexanoate (ethyl butyrate) 98% purities, and pentane were from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK). Hexane (HPLC grade) was from Fisher Scientific UK Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). Blue cheese and margarine were obtained commercially. In preliminary studies (Section 3.2 ), 250 μL of a 1 in 2,000 dilution of cyclohexanone in water was added as internal standard (IS). In later experiments (Sections 3.3 and 3.4 ), the IS was 20 μL of a 1 in 1,000 dilution of MIBK in water. Working solutions of hexanoic acid (1H or deuterated) were prepared as dilutions in melted margarine (1 μL/mL; 8 mmol/L).
Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane 75 μm film thickness solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres and SPME fibre syringe holders were from Supelco (Poole, UK); headspace (HS) vials (22 mL) with soft silicone rubber seals (20 mm diameter) and aluminium caps were from Alltech Associates Ltd. (Carnforth, UK). Water was deionised by reverse osmosis.
Carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane 75 μm film thickness solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres and SPME fibre syringe holders were from Supelco (Poole, UK); headspace (HS) vials (22 mL) with soft silicone rubber seals (20 mm diameter) and aluminium caps were from Alltech Associates Ltd. (Carnforth, UK). Water was deionised by reverse osmosis.
8
Enzymatic Synthesis of Organic Compounds
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Formaldehyde (37% aqueous solution), acetaldehyde
(≥99.5%), propionaldehyde (≥98.0%), benzaldehyde (≥99.5%),
butyraldehyde (≥99.5%), isobutyraldehyde (≥99.0%), valeraldehyde
(≥97.0%), isovaleraldehyde (≥97.0%), pyruvaldehyde (40%
aqueous solution),dl -lactaldehyde (≥95.0%), 2-hexanone
(≥99.5%), acetophenone (≥99.5%), butanone (≥99.9%),
2-pentanone (≥99.5%), 2-deoxy-d -ribose (≥97.0%),
2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (≥95.0%), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(97.0%), o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine
(≥99.0% hydrochloride salt), and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylhydrazine
(≥97.0% dihydrochloride salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis, MO). 4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid (98.0%) and 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine
(98.0%, hydrochloride salt) were purchased from Acros Organics (New
Jersey). Acetone (100%) was purchased from VMR (Fontenay-sous-Bois,
France); 3-pentanone (≥99.0%) was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
The recombinant DERA enzyme was expressed in E. coli as described below in more details. All solvents (HPLC grade) were
obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
The DERA substrates were prepared in 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.1),
while carbonyl compounds were in methanol and hydrazines samples were
prepared in water (HPLC grade) solution.
(≥99.5%), propionaldehyde (≥98.0%), benzaldehyde (≥99.5%),
butyraldehyde (≥99.5%), isobutyraldehyde (≥99.0%), valeraldehyde
(≥97.0%), isovaleraldehyde (≥97.0%), pyruvaldehyde (40%
aqueous solution),
(≥99.5%), acetophenone (≥99.5%), butanone (≥99.9%),
2-pentanone (≥99.5%), 2-deoxy-
2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate (≥95.0%), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
(97.0%), o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine
(≥99.0% hydrochloride salt), and 2-(dimethylamino)ethylhydrazine
(≥97.0% dihydrochloride salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(St. Louis, MO). 4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid (98.0%) and 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine
(98.0%, hydrochloride salt) were purchased from Acros Organics (New
Jersey). Acetone (100%) was purchased from VMR (Fontenay-sous-Bois,
France); 3-pentanone (≥99.0%) was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
The recombinant DERA enzyme was expressed in E. coli as described below in more details. All solvents (HPLC grade) were
obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification.
The DERA substrates were prepared in 50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.1),
while carbonyl compounds were in methanol and hydrazines samples were
prepared in water (HPLC grade) solution.
9
Comprehensive Commercial Standards for Analysis
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A total of 66 commercial standards (analytical reagent grade, ≥97% purity) were used. Ethyl acetate, acetic acid, Ethyl lactate, 1-propanol, acetal, acetaldehyde, 3-methyl butanol, furfural, ethyl palmitate, isobutanol, methanol, 3-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, meso-2,3-butanediol, butyrate, 1-butanol, (2R,3R)-(-)-2,3-butanediol, 2-butanol, hexanoic acid, ethyl hexanoate, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, ethyl isovalerate, furfuryl alcohol, isobutyric acid, hexyl hexanoate, ethyl valerate, 1-hexanol, propionic acid, acetone, ethyl laurate, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, isoamyl acetate, 2-butanone, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl phenylacetate, nonanoic acid, propyl acetate, isobutyraldehyde, ethyl octanoate, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methylbutane, ethyl linoleate, valeric acid, ethyl oleate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl formate, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl hexadecenoate, 1-pentanol, ethyl tetradecanoate, diethyloxymethane, 2-pentanone, 2-methyl butanol, isovaleric acid, ethyl nonanoate, 2-pentanol, 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane, benzaldehyde, ethyl decanoate, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-ethoxy-5-methylfuran, 1-propanal, butyl hexanoate, ethyl phenylpropionate, and benzyl alcohol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China).
10
Automated Lick Detection and Odor Delivery
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