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31 protocols using vx 680

1

Kinase Inhibitor Dissolution Protocol

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The following active-site kinase inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO and used for in vivo kinase inhibition and in vitro phosphorylation experiments: mTOR kinase inhibitor PP242 (Selleckchem), CDK1 kinase inhibitor RO-3306 (Calbiochem), and pan Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 (Selleckchem).
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2

Mitotic Inhibitors and Modifiers Protocol

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Nocodazole (100 ng/mL, ≥99%), monastrol (50 μM, ≥98%), MG132 (10 μM, ≥90%), OA (500 nM, ≥92%), Reversine (1 μM, ≥98%), Roscovitine (20 μM, ≥98%), NAM (5 mM, ≥99.5%), and TSA (1 μM, ≥98%) were from Sigma. MG149 (100 μM, >99%) was from Axon. NU9056 (20 μM, >98%), ZM447439 (2 μM, >99%) were from Tocris Bioscience. GSK923295 (50 nM, >99%), BI2536 (100 nM, >99%), VX-680 (500 nM, >99%) was from Selleckchem. The protease inhibitors cocktail was from Sigma.
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3

Breast Cancer Samples Protein Extraction

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All breast cancer samples were obtained from newly diagnosed patients with prior patient consent and the approval of the Institutional Clinical Ethics Review Board in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Samples were kept in liquid nitrogen for protein extraction.
HEK293T cell and human breast cancer cells (SKBR-3, BT-549) were cultured in DMEM medium (Invitrogen) or RMPI 1640 medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS, HyClone). The immortalized breast epithelial cell MCF-10A was cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 5% (v/v) horse serum (HS, HyClone), 20ng/ml EGF, 100ng/ml cholera toxin, 0.01mg/ml insulin and 500ng/ml hydrocortisone. All cell lines were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and incubated at 37°C in humidified 5% CO2 incubator.
Reagents used were purchased as followed: VX680 (Selleck Chemicals, 639089-54-6), 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, Sigma, M9281), rapamycin (Sigma, 37094), SB216763 (Sigma, S3442), z-VAD-FMK (Beyotime, C1202), lithium chloride (LiCl, Sangon Biotech, LDB0307), doxorubicin (KeyGEN BioTECH, KGA8182). Nutrient deprivation was performed using Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS, HyClone). To avoid any supplementary stress, HBSS was preheated at 37°C before added into cells.
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4

Synergistic Anticancer Drug Combination Screening

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Cells were plated in DMEM with 2% FBS in 96 well plates at 3,000 cells per well. 24 hours post-plating, cells were treated with a 9-point dose dilution of the indicated inhibitor, either as a single agent or in combination, with DMSO as a control. After 72 hours, viability was measured using [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) CellTiter 96 cell viability kit (Promega). Combination Indices (CI) were calculated using the Chou and Talalay method (24 (link)) with CalcuSyn software (CalcuSyn). Details of the cytotoxicity assays can be found in the Supplemental Methods. The therapeutic compounds used were as follows: OP449 (25 (link)) and DT1154 (16 (link)) were described previously. BEZ235, INK128, GDC-0068, PP242, CUDC101, VX680, XL880, and Dasatinib were purchased from Selleck Chem.
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5

Apoptosis Induction by Kinase Inhibitors

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Cells were plated into 6 well plates at a density of 1 × 105 cells per ml and left to adhere overnight. Cells were treated with 10nM, 100nM and 1µM BI-847325 (Boehringer Ingelheim), 30nM trametinib (Selleck), 1µM VX680 (Selleck) for 48h. Annexin V and TMRM staining was done as described in (21 (link)).
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6

Proliferation and Inhibition Assay for NPCs

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For cell proliferation estimation, EdU was pulsed in cells for 24–72 h before fixation, and stained according to the manufacturer's instructions (Click‐iT EdU assay kit, Life Technologies). For inhibitor experiments, wherever necessary, NPCs were treated with the Cdk1 inhibitor, olomoucine (Sigma‐Aldrich; 25 μM), or VX680 (Selleckchem; 0.5 μM) for 4 days, fixed, and analyzed by microscopy.
For RNAi treatments, NPCs were electroporated using the Neon Transfection System with 100 nmol of siRNA targeting human NDE1 and OFD1 mRNA. NDE1: siGENOME Human NDE1 (54,820) siRNA‐SMARTpool (M‐020625‐00‐0005) OFD1: siGENOME Human OFD1 (8481) siRNA‐SMARTpool (M‐009300‐02‐0005). Negative controls were performed with non‐targeting siRNA (scrambled; 100 nmol, AllStars Negative control siRNA; Qiagen). Electroporation using 100 nmol siRNA was repeated on day 3. siRNA‐treated NPCs were fixed on day 7 for further analysis.
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7

Culturing and Treating Cell Lines

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Gastric cell lines AGS and BGC823 were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA, USA) HEK293T and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) were cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) (Gibco). Cell culture media were supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco), 100 U/ml ampicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco). Treatments with doxorubicin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA), doxycycline (Clonetech, Shiga, Japan), VX-680 (Selleck Chemicals, Kava Technology), cycloheximide (Amresco, Solon, OH, USA) and MG132 (Sigma-Aldrich) were carried out as indicated. Cells were transfected using lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). For details, see Supplementary Materials and Methods.
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8

Radiotherapy and VX680 Inhibit GBM Growth

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To study the cooperation of radiotherapy and VX680 treatment on GBM growth in vivo, we stereotactically injected 300,000 GBM43 cells expressing LUC into the frontal cortex of 4-6 week old athymic nu/nu mice. Injections were done at a depth of 3 mm and the coordinates were 2 mm anterior and 1.5 mm lateral of the right hemisphere relative to Bregma. We measured body weight and bioluminescence every 2nd day during tumor progression. At day 7, we performed cranial γ-irradiation (5 Gy) to two cohorts (n=5 for each cohort) of xenografted mice. One irradiated cohort received a single daily intraperitoneal injection of VX680 (75 mg/kg, Selleck) day 11-15. For two other cohorts (n=5), we administered VX680 starting day seven. Half of the VX680 treated xenografted mice received γ-irradiation on day 15. Bioluminescence was measured using a Xenogen IVIS imager and survival was plotted using Kaplan-Meier curves. Symptomatic mice were sacrified according to ethical guidelines approved by the UCSF Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
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9

AURKA and BET Bromodomain Inhibitors in MDA-MB-231 Cells

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AURKA inhibitors VX‐680 and MLN8237 and bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). MDA‐MB‐231 cells were treated with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 μmol/L VX‐680 and 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 μmol/L MLN8237 for 24 h. MDA‐MB‐231 cells with NLS‐AURKA were treated with 1 and 5 μmol/L JQ1 for 48 h for Western blotting detection. Antibodies against AURKA and phospho‐AURKA (T288) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), goat anti‐mouse IgG‐horse radish peroxidase (HRP), and goat anti‐rabbit IgG‐HRP were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). c‐Myc was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). PD‐L1 was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). TruStain FcX™ anti‐mouse CD16/32, PerCP anti‐mouse CD45, FITC anti‐mouse CD3, PE anti‐mouse CD4, APC anti‐mouse CD8a, and PE anti‐mouse CD69 used in flow cytometric analysis were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA). PE anti‐human PD‐L1 and its isotype control PE anti‐human IgGk1 were obtained from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA).
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10

Stable Cell Lines Expressing Cep68 Constructs

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HeLa and U-2 OS cells were propagated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Stable cell lines expressing FLAG-HA-Cep68 or HA-Cep68 constructs (from a pBABE backbone) were generated by retroviral infection, as reported previously62 (link). Cells expressing doxycycline-inducible FLAG-Cep68 and FLAG-Cep68(S332A) were generated using Flippase (Flp) recombination target (FRT)/Flp-mediated recombination technology in HeLa-T-rex Flp-in cells, described previously63 (link). Cep68 was induced with 0.5 μg/ml doxycycline (Sigma). HEK293T cells were transfected with DNA using polyethylenimine (Polysciences). Cells were synchronized at G1/S using the double-thymidine block method. The following drugs were used: Nocodazole (Sigma; 100 ng/ml), BI2536 (Selleck; 100 nM), VX680 (Selleck; 300 nM), Monastrol (Tocris; 50 μM), Mg132 (Peptides International; 10 μM), and MLN4924 (Active Biochem; 0.5 μM).
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